(Mishnah): If one designated produce, in order to declare from it Terumah or Ma'aser [to exempt his Tevel], or coins, to separate [redemption] of Ma'aser Sheni, he may separate based on the Chazakah that they are intact.

If they were lost, he is concerned for 24 hours. R. Lazar says so;

R. Yehudah says, at three Perakim (times of the year) we must check wine [from which we want to declare tithes, to ensure that it has not spoiled] - when the east wind blows after Sukos; when unripe grapes appear on the vines; and when unripe grapes start filling up with liquid.

(Gemara - R. Elazar ben Antigonus citing R. Lazar ben Yanai): (R. Lazar said that he is concerned for 24 hours. It did not say until 24 hours.) This teaches we are not concerned for spoilage [starting from] 24 hours [after the last Bedikah], rather, only the last day (before he found that it spoiled).

(R. Yochanan): Do not say they are [Muchzak to be] fine [until] 24 hours [before he found that it spoiled]. Rather, only the first day (24 hours after he last checked them, is good).

(Mishnah): If a Mikveh was measured and found to be deficient, [whatever touched Tamei Kelim or people that immersed in it is Muchzak to be Tamei];

(R. Chinena brei d'Rav Asi bar Mamal citing [the Amora] R. Lazar): This teaches unlike R. Lazar [in our Mishnah. This Mishnah is like Chachamim; they are stringent, and do not rely on Chazakah even for 24 hours.]

(Mishnah): If they were lost, he is concerned for 24 hours. R. Lazar says so.

(Mishnah): If one bought wine from Kusim... [R. Meir permits to say that what he will separate later should be Terumah and Ma'aser now, and drink. R. Yosi and R. Shimon forbid, lest the barrel break [before he separates the tithes], and retroactively, he drank Tevel.

Our Mishnah [which allows to rely on a Chazakah that the Peros are intact] is unlike R. Yosi and R. Shimon.

Rebuttal (R. Ze'ira): There (wine of Kusim, the declaration of Terumah) is ruined retroactively (there was never a separation). However, here, they are ruined from now and onwards (only what he tithed after they spoiled is invalid).

Wine from his winepress (he pressed the grapes now) - one may separate on it based on the Chazakah that it is wine (it did not turn to vinegar) until 40 days;

R. Yehudah says, until the Perek.

: It turns out that there is a leniency and stringency in R. Yehudah's opinion, and a leniency and stringency in Rabanan;

The stringency in R. Yehudah's opinion - if the Perek came before 40 days, he may not tithe [without checking]. The leniency in R. Yehudah - if 40 days came before the Perek, he may tithe;

The stringency in Rabanan - if 40 days came before the Perek, he may not tithe. The leniency in Rabanan - if the Perek came before 40 days, he may tithe.

Question (R. Simon): [According to Rabanan,] if 40 days came and he was lazy and did not check until two or three days later, and he found that it is vinegar - is it considered vinegar retroactively, or from now and onwards?

Question: What is the Nafka Minah (practical difference)?

Answer: If he transgressed and tithed - if you will say that it is vinegar retroactively, his Terumah is not Terumah. ifyou will say that it is vinegar from now and onwards, his Terumah is Terumah.

If one checked a barrel in order to separate on it on an ongoing basis, and he found that it is vinegar - R. Simon says in the name of R. Yehoshua ben Levi, the first three days [from when it was last known to be wine] it was Vadai wine. The last [three days it was Vadai] vinegar. The middle days are a Safek.

(R. Avahu): [Also] I heard so from R. Yehoshua ben Levi, but R. Yochanan did not say so. Rather, the first three days it was Vadai wine. After this is a Safek.

Question: Do [R. Yehoshua ben Levi and R. Yochanan] argue?

Answer: (We need not say that they argue.) R. Yochanan discusses when he found that it is partial vinegar. R. Yehoshua ben Levi discusses when he found that it is absolute vinegar.

This argument is like [the following] argument. (PNEI MOSHE - this is unlike the above answer, that they do not argue. Also below, the Rabanan who rule like R. Yehoshua ben Levi hold that they argue - PF.)

(Mishnah): If a needle was found to be rusted or broken, it is Tahor;

It was taught that if he left it good and found it rusted - R. Simon says in the name of R. Yehoshua ben Levi, the first three days it was Vadai Tamei. The last [three days it was Vadai] Tahor. The middle days are a Safek;

(R. Avahu): [Also] I heard so from R. Yehoshua ben Levi, but R. Yochanan did not say so. Rather, the first three days it was Vadai Tamei. After this is a Safek.

(R. Ila, R. Aba and R. Elazar citing all Rabanan who enter the Beis Midrash): Regarding wine and a needle, the Halachah follows R. Yehoshua ben Levi.

Question (R. Krispa): [According to R. Yehudah,] must he check [at these three times] every year, or once in three years?

Answer #1: We learn from the following [Beraisa]. One who sells wine to his colleague Stam, he has responsibility for it (that it remain wine) until the Chag (Sukos. Wine is normally harvested before Sukos and sold after Sukos. Since we are concerned for spoilage also the next Sukos, this shows that he must check every year.)

Rebuttal (R. Yehudah): It discusses Bnei Galil, who harvest their vineyards only after Sukos. You cannot learn from here at all.

Answer #2: A Mishnah says that one who sells 'old wine', it must be from the previous year. 'Aged wine' must be from three years, and it must age (remain wine) until Sukos. This teaches that 'wine that will age', he has Achrayus for it for [the time needed to be called aged, i.e.] two years;

Inference: (We are concerned for spoilage also in Sukos of the second or third year.) This shows that he must check every year. (We explained this like SEFER NIR.)

Question: How does he check?

Answer #1: He checks one barrel [in the cellar. If it is fine, all of them are fine.]

Objection: Do the others depend on it?! (Perhaps it is good, and others are bad!)

Answer #2: He checks every one

Question: Will they not sour? (Opening wine is bad for it! We explained this like PNEI MOSHE.)

Answer (Rav Simi): There are people who knock on a barrel outside, and [from the sound] they know what is [the status of the wine] inside.