(Beraisa #2) Suggestion: Perhaps "v'Asah Isheh Re'ach Nicho'ach la'Shem" teaches that a convert may bring anything consumed on the Mizbe'ach, even a Minchah!

Rejection: "Ka'asher Ta'asu Ken Ya'aseh" - just like Bnei Yisrael offered Korbanos with blood, converts must do the same.

Suggestion: Just like Bnei Yisrael offered Olos and Shelamim, converts must do similarly!

Rejection #1: "Kachem ka'Ger Yihyeh" - converts are equated to Bnei Yisrael in some ways, but not regarding their Korban.

Rejection #2 (Rebbi): "Kachem" teaches that converts are like the ancestors of Bnei Yisrael (who stood on Sinai);

Just like the ancestors required circumcision, immersion and Zerikas Dam to make a covenant with Hash-m, also converts.

We cannot say that one bird suffices, for we never find a Chiyuv to bring only one bird.

(Beraisa): It is a leniency that he may bring a Kan.

Question (Beraisa) Question: What do we learn from "v'Hikrivo"?

Answer - Suggestion: Regarding Torim (turtledoves) it says "v'Hikriv" (which connotes a full Korban). Perhaps one who vows to bring Olas ha'Of must bring at least two birds!

Rejection: "V'Hikrivo" permits bringing even one.

Answer: That refers to Nedavah, but we never find a Chiyuv to bring only one bird.

Question: A (rich) Yoledes brings only one bird, i.e. Chatas ha'Of!

Answer: She brings also a lamb (Olas Behemah).

(Beraisa): Just like the ancestors required...

Question: Granted, we learn that circumcision was required from "Ki Muli Hayu Kol ha'Am ha'Yotz'im," or from "... va'Er'ech Misboseses b'Damayich va'Omar Lach b'Damayich Chayi... " (the redemption from Mitzrayim was in the merit of the bloods of circumcision and Korban Pesach);

We learn that Zerikas Dam was required from "va'Yishlach Es Na'arei Bnei Yisrael (va'Ya'alu Olos va'Yizbechu Shelamim)";

However, what is the source that immersion was required?

Answer: "Va'Yikach Moshe Es ha'Dam va'Yizrok Al ha'Am" (he sprinkled the blood on Bnei Yisrael. This is unlike the Targum, which says that he sprinkled on the Mizbe'ach to atone for Bnei Yisrael);

Whoever is sprinkled on must immerse. (R. Gershom - we learn from Haza'ah to be Metaher from Tum'as Mes. R. Tam (Yevamos 46b) - the Tevilah must precede the Haza'ah.)

Question: Since the Korban is Me'akev, we should not accept converts nowadays!

Answer (Rav Acha bar Yakov): "V'Chi Yagur Itchem Ger (... l'Doroseichem" teaches that we accept converts in all generations).

(Beraisa): Nowadays, a convert must set aside a quarter-Dinar to buy a Kan (to offer immediately when the Mikdash will be rebuilt).

R. Shimon says, R. Yochanan ben Zakai made a quorum and repealed this, lest one benefit from the money (and transgress Me'ilah).

Version #1 (Rav Ada bar Ahavah): The Halachah follows R. Shimon.

Version #2: Rav Ada ruled like R. Shimon regarding a different law about a Ger:

(Beraisa): A Ger Toshav (a Ben Noach who accepted to keep his Mitzvos) may do those Melachos for himself on Shabbos that a Yisrael may do on Chol ha'Mo'ed (Devar ha'Eved, or if he has nothing to eat);

R. Akiva says, he may do for himself what a Yisrael may do on Yom Tov (preparation of food);

R. Yosi says, he may do anything for himself.

R. Shimon says, the Halachah is the same for a Ger Toshav, Nochri or slave (who did not immerse to become an Eved Kena'ani) of a Yisrael. He may do anything for himself.

(Mishnah): The following bring a Korban for Mezid like for Shogeg. (In this entire discussion, Shifchah refers to Shifchah Charufah, a (some say half-freed) slave designated for an Eved Ivri.)

One who has relations with a Shifchah, a Nazir who became Tamei Mes, one who swore falsely Shevu'as ha'Edus or Shevu'as ha'Pikadon.

There are five who bring one Korban for multiple transgressions. (Our Mishnah will list two of them. The other three are in the coming two Mishnayos.) There are five who bring Oleh v'Yored;

The following bring one Korban for multiple transgressions - one who had several acts of relations with a Shifchah, and a Nazir who became Tamei Mes.

(Gemara) Question: What is the source (to bring a Korban for Mezid) for relations with a Shifchah?

Answer (Beraisa): "V'Chiper Alav ha'Kohen b'Eil ha'Asham Al Chataso Asher Chata" teaches that one ram atones for many sins;

The repetition "v'Nislach Lo mi'Chataso Asher Chata" obligates for Mezid like for Shogeg.

(Mishnah): A Nazir who became Tamei...

Question: What is the source of this?

Answer (Beraisa #1): "V'Chi Yamus Mes Alav b'Fesa Fis'om" refers to Shogeg -- "Im b'Fesa b'Lo Eivah";

"Fis'om" refers to Ones - "va'Yomer Hash-m Pis'om El Moshe... (Hash-m forced them to come).

(Beraisa #2): "Fis'om" refers to Mezid - "... U'Fesayim Avru v'Ne'enashu" (punishment is only for Mezid.)

Question: It would suffice for the verse to say "Pis'om," for this connotes Shogeg, Mezid and Ones. Why must it say also "Fesa"?

The Beraisos teach that it connotes Ones and Mezid. "Pesi Ya'amin l'Chol Davar" teaches that it connotes also Shogeg.

Answer: Had it said only "Pis'om," we would learn only Shogeg, for most Korbanos are brought only for Shogeg;

Therefore, it also writes "Fesa," to teach Shogeg, in order that we learn Ones and Mezid from Pis'om.

(Mishnah): (One brings a Korban even for Mezid for) Shevu'as ha'Edus.

Question: What is the source of this?

Answer (Beraisa): Regarding all who bring Oleh v'Yored it says "v'Ne'elam," except for Shevu'as ha'Edus. This shows that for Shevu'as ha'Edus, one brings even for Mezid.

(Mishnah): Shevu'as ha'Pikadon.

Question: What is the source of this?

Answer: We learn from a Gezeirah Shavah "Techeta-Techeta" from Shevu'as ha'Edus.

(Mishnah): There are five who bring one Korban for multiple transgressions.

Question: The Mishnah mentions many acts of relations with a Shifchah. What is the source of this?

Answer (Beraisa): "V'Chiper Alav ha'Kohen b'Eil ha'Asham Al Chataso Asher Chata" teaches that one ram atones for many sins;

The repetition "v'Nislach Lo mi'Chataso Asher Chata" obligates for Mezid like for Shogeg.

Question: The verse discusses Mezid (the Shifchah is lashed. The Chidush is to be Mechayev for Shogeg! Note: I do not know why the Gemara did not ask this above (e), when this Beraisa was brought to teach why one is liable for Mezid like for Shogeg!)

Correction: Rather, the repetition is Mechayev for Shogeg like for Mezid.

Question (R. Chanina Tirana'ah): If one had relations with five Shifchos in one He'elem, what is the law?

Is he liable for each, or only once?

Answer (R. Yochanan): He is liable for each.

Question (R. Chanina): Why is this different than five acts of relations with one Shifchah in five He'elamos? (Surely, the teaching that one is liable only once for many relations with one Shifchah applies to different He'elamos. In one He'elem, regarding all Arayos one is liable only once!)

Answer (R. Yochanan): Here, the different Shifchos are Mechalek Korbanos.

Question (R. Chanina): What is the source that Shifchos are Mechalek?

Answer (R. Yochanan): Regarding Arayos it says "Ishah," different women are Mechalek Korbanos;

Regarding Shifchah, "Ki Yishkav Es Ishah Shichvas Zera v'Hi Shifchah" teaches that different Shifchos are Mechalek.

(Mishnah): A Nazir who became Tamei many times (brings only one Korban)..

Question: Who is the Tana of the Mishnah?

Answer (Rav Chisda): It is R. Yosi b'Rebbi Yehudah, who says that Nezirus Taharah begins on day seven (when he becomes Tahor);

The case is, he repeatedly became Tamei on day seven from the previous Tum'ah. Since it was not yet time to bring Korban Nazir Tamei, one Korban exempts all the Tum'os.

Our Mishnah cannot be like Rebbi, who says that Nezirus Taharah begins on day eight;

If he became Tamei on day seven, he had not yet began Nezirus Taharah, it is like one Tum'ah. (It is no Chidush that he brings one Korban.)

If he became Tamei on day eight, he was already obligated to bring Korban Tum'ah, surely he must bring another Korban for the next Tum'ah!

Question: What is the argument of Rebbi and R. Yosi b'Rebbi Yehudah?

Answer (Beraisa - Rebbi): "V'Kidash Es Rosho ba'Yom ha'Hu" is the day he brings Korbanos Tum'ah (day eight);

R. Yosi b'Rebbi Yehudah says, it is the day he shaves (day seven).

(Mishnah): (The following bring one Korban for multiple Chiyuvim --) a wife whose husband warned her about several men (not to be secluded with any one of them), and she was secluded with them (one at a time);

A Metzora who was stricken with Tzara'as repeatedly.

If a Metzora brought birds (to enable him to enter the city) and was stricken again, the birds do not count, until he brings the Chatas (this will be explained);

R. Yehudah says, until he brings the Asham.

(Gemara) Question: What is the source (regarding Sotah)?

Answer: "Zos Toras (Toras is singular) ha'Kena'os" teaches that there is one Korban for many warnings.

(Mishnah): A Metzora who was stricken with Tzara'as repeatedly.

Question: What is the source of this?

Answer: "Zos Toras ha'Tzara'as" teaches that there is one Korban for many Nega'im.

(Mishnah): If a Metzora brought birds and was stricken again, the birds do not count, until he brings the Chatas. R. Yehudah says, until he brings the Asham.

Question: (This implies that he will bring more birds for the new Tzara'as.) The Mishnah said that a Metzora brings one Korban for many Nega'im!

Answer: The Mishnah is abbreviated. It means as follows:

If a Metzora brought birds and was stricken again, he does not bring another Korban (more birds);

His monetary status (an Ashir brings three animals, and an Oni brings one animal and two birds) is determined at the time he brings the Chatas;

R. Yehudah says, it depends on when he brings the Asham.

(Mishnah - R. Shimon): If a Metzora brought his Asham and then became rich, we consider his wealth only at the time he brings the Chatas. (If he was poor and brought Chatas ha'Of, he brings also Olas ha'Of);

R. Yehudah says, it is determined at the time he brings the Asham.

(Beraisa - R. Eliezer ben Yakov): It is determined at the time he brings birds (before shaving).

(Rav Yehudah): All these Tana'im learn from the same verse - "Asher Lo Tasig Yado b'Taharaso";

R. Shimon holds that "b'Taharaso" refers to what is Mechaper, i.e. the Chatas;

R. Yehudah holds that it refers to what is Machshir (the Metzora to enter the Mikdash and eat Kodshim), i.e. the Asham;

R. Eliezer ben Yakov holds that it refers to what causes him to be Tahor (allows him to shave and enter the city), i.e. the birds.

(Mishnah): (The following bring one Korban for multiple births --) a woman who miscarried many times, each within 80 days of (a birth or miscarriage of) a female. (After birth or miscarriage of a female, a woman is Tamei for two weeks, followed by Yemei Tohar, during which any blood she sees is Tahor, through day 80. For a male, she is Tamei for one week, and Yemei Tohar end on day 40);

One who miscarried twins (Rashi - or triplets, etc., each baby (after the first) was born Toch Melos (within the days of Tohar) of the previous one. Rashash - we can say that the first was born Toch Melos of a previous live birth, and the latter was born after Melos);

R. Yehudah says, she brings Korban Yoledes for the first and third (and fifth... ) births, but not for the second and fourth (etc.).

(Gemara) Question: What is the source for this?

Answer (a reciter of Beraisos - Beraisa): "Zos Toras ha'Yoledes la'Zachar Oh la'Nekevah" teaches that she brings one Korban for many births.

Suggestion: Perhaps (if a Zavah gave birth) she brings one Korban for birth and Zivah!

Objection: Why should we think so? Would we think that she brings one Korban for eating blood and for birth?!

Correction: Rather, perhaps she brings one Korban for a birth (now,) before Melos and a birth after Melos! (Rashi in Nidah; Rashash - perhaps one Korban suffices for both births, whether the second was before or after Melos!)

Rejection: "Zos" (obligates a Korban for each).

(Mishnah): If a woman miscarried many times, each within 80 days...

According to R. Yehudah, the first birth determines (whether any future birth obligates a second Korban, i.e. based on whether it is within or after Melos of the first. If a Korban is brought for a future birth, it is considered a first birth for subsequent births.)

According to Chachamim, the last birth determines (whether the next birth obligates another Korban, i.e. if it is after Melos of the previous).

Objection: This is obvious!

Answer: The Chidush is regarding twins;

One might have thought that since they were conceived together, R. Yehudah admits that it is like one protracted birth, and we count Melos from the latter. We teach that this is not so.