[10a - 52 lines; 10b - 49 lines]
1)[line 1]"âÌÄìÀòÈã ÷ÄøÀéÇú ôÌåÉòÂìÅé àÈåÆï, òÂ÷ËáÌÈä îÄãÌÈí""GIL'AD KIRYAS PO'ALEI AVEN, AKUBAH MI'DAM"- "Gil'ad is a city of those who work iniquity, full of people who pursue others to shed blood" (Hoshea 6:8).
2)[line 2]òå÷áéïOKVIN- pursue, hunt down
3)[line 6]"åÌëÀçÇëÌÅé àÄéùÑ âÌÀãåÌãÄéí çÆáÆø ëÌÉäÂðÄéí ãÌÆøÆêÀ éÀøÇöÌÀçåÌ ùÑÆëÀîÈä; [ëÌÄé æÄîÌÈä òÈùÒåÌ]""UCH'CHAKEI ISH GEDUDIM, CHEVER KOHANIM, DERECH YERATZCHU SHECHMAH; KI ZIMAH ASU"- "And as troops of robbers wait for a man [to rob], so does a band of Kohanim murder as one group, for they devised a plot" (Hoshea 6:9) - Even though the word "Shechmah" means "as one group," or "with one resolution," Abaye uses it homiletically to refer to the city named Shechem.
4)[line 9]ááéú äâøðåúBEIS HA'GERANOS- the threshing floors
5)[line 10]"[åÀàÅú äÆòÈøÄéí àÂùÑÆø úÌÄúÌÀðåÌ ìÇìÀåÄéÌÄí àÅú ùÑÅùÑ òÈøÅé äÇîÌÄ÷ÀìÈè àÂùÑÆø úÌÄúÌÀðåÌ ìÈðËñ ùÑÈîÌÈä äÈøÉöÅçÇ;] åÇòÂìÅéäÆí úÌÄúÌÀðåÌ àÇøÀáÌÈòÄéí åÌùÑÀúÌÇéÄí òÄéø""... VA'ALEIHEM TITENU ARBA'IM U'SHTAYIM IR"- "... and in addition, you shall give forty-two cities [to the Leviyim]" (Bamidbar 35:6).
6)[line 15]ôøååãäà / ôøååøäàPARVADAHA / PARVARAHA- its suburbs
7)[line 15]"åÀàÆú ùÒÀãÅä äÈòÄéø åÀàÆú çÂöÅøÆéäÈ ðÈúÀðåÌ ìÀëÈìÅá áÌÆï éÀôËðÌÆä [áÌÇàÂçËæÌÈúåÉ]""V'ES SEDEH HA'IR V'ES CHATZEIREHA NASNU L'CHALEV BEN YEFUNEH [BA'ACHUZASO]"- "But the fields of the city, and its villages, they gave to Kalev the son of Yefuneh [for his possession]" (Yehoshua 21:12).
8)[line 17]"åÀòÈøÅé îÄáÀöÈø; äÇöÌÄãÌÄéí öÅø åÀçÇîÌÇú øÇ÷ÌÇú åÀëÄðÌÈøÆú. [åÇàÂãÈîÈä åÀäÈøÈîÈä åÀçÈöåÉø.] åÀ÷ÆãÆùÑ åÀàÆãÀøÆòÄé åÀòÅéï çÈöåÉø""V'AREI MIVTZAR, HA'TZIDIM, TZER V'CHAMAS, RAKAS V'CHINARES VA'ADAMAH... V'KEDESH V'EDRE'I V'EIN CHATZOR"- "And fortified cities: ha'Tzidim, Tzer and Chamas, Rakas and Kineres. And Adamah... and Kedesh and Edre'i and Ein Chatzor" (Yehoshua 19: 35-37).
9a)[line 20]èéøéï ÷èðéíTIRIN KETANIM- small fortresses (the Girsa in Erchin 33b is ëôøéí ÷èðéí KEFARIM KETANIM - small villages - CHESHEK SHLOMO)
b)[line 20]ëøëéí âãåìéíKERACHIM GEDOLIM- large walled cities
c)[line 21]òééøåú áéðåðéåúAYAROS BEINONIYOS- middle-sized cities without walls
10a)[line 22]ñìé÷åíSELIKUM- (a) Salcha, which is translated as Salvakia by the Targum Yonasan ben Uziel (Devarim 3:10), a city in the Golan (ARUCH Erech Salik); (b) Seleucia, ancient city of Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq). (See Background to Bava Basra 52:9 for a short history of Seleucia.) (MUSAF HE'ARUCH)
b)[line 22]åà÷øà ãñìé÷åíAKRA D'SELIKUM- a small city near Selikum (see previous entry) known as Akra d'Selikum
11)[line 24]îáéàéï ìäí îéíMEVI'IN LAHEM MAYIM- they bring water to them (by constructing aqueducts)
12)[line 24]ùåå÷éíSHEVAKIM- markets
13)[line 25]àåëìåñéïUCHLUSIN- soldiers (i.e., surrounding villages and settlements, the inhabitants of which could join forces to prevent Goalei ha'Dam from taking the city by force - RASHI)
14)[line 25]ãéåøéäïDIYUREIHEN- residents (of the city)
15a)[line 26]ëìé æééïKELEI ZAYIN- weapons
b)[line 26]ëìé îöåãäKELEI METZUDAH- traps
c)[line 26]åàéï îôùéìéï ìúåëï çáìéíEIN MAFSHILIN L'SOCHAN CHAVALIM- no one may twist ropes in them (since this process needs large spaces, which would result in a large city that would attract many people, including the Go'el ha'Dam - ARUCH LA'NER)
16)[line 27]"[ìÈðËñ ùÑÈîÌÈä øåÉöÅçÇ àÂùÑÆø éÄøÀöÇç àÆú øÅòÅäåÌ áÌÄáÀìÄé ãÇòÇú, åÀäåÌà ìÉà ùÒÉðÅà ìåÉ îÄúÌÀîÉì ùÑÄìÀùÑÉí;] åÀðÈñ àÆì àÇçÇú îÄï äÆòÈøÄéí äÈàÅì åÈçÈé""... V'NAS EL ACHAS MIN HE'ARIM HA'EL VA'CHAI"- "[So that the killer, who killed his neighbor unintentionally, and did not hate him in times past, might flee there;] and that by fleeing to one of these cities he might live" (Devarim 4:42).
17)[line 29]äâåïHAGUN- proper, righteous
18)[line 30]"àÆú áÌÆöÆø áÌÇîÌÄãÀáÌÈø [áÌÀàÆøÆõ äÇîÌÄéùÑÉø ìÈøàåÌáÅðÄé, åÀàÆú øÈàîÉú áÌÇâÌÄìÀòÈã ìÇâÌÈãÄé, åÀàÆú âÌåÉìÈï áÌÇáÌÈùÑÈï ìÇîÀðÇùÌÑÄé]""ES BETZER BA'MIDBAR..."- "[The cities of refuge are:] Betzer in the wilderness, [in the plain country, of the tribe of Reuven; and Ramos in Gil'ad, of the tribe of Gad; and Golan in Bashan, of the tribe of Menasheh]" (Devarim 4:43).
19)[line 30]åëúéá áúøéä,"åÀæÉàú äÇúÌåÉøÈä [àÂùÑÆø ùÒÈí îÉùÑÆä ìÄôÀðÅé áÌÀðÅé éÄùÒÀøÈàÅì]"U'CHESIV BASREI, "V'ZOS HA'TORAH..."- and it states immediately afterward, "And this is the Torah [that Moshe placed before the Bnei Yisrael]" (to indicate that the Torah, also, is a means of refuge)
20)[line 32]ááé øáBEI RAV- in the Beis Midrash
21)[line 33]ñìé÷ åéúéá ààøæà ãáé øáSALIK V'YASIV A'ARZA D'VEI RAV- he went up into and sat (a) in the cedar tree of the Beis Midrash; (b) on the cedar pillar or beam of the Beis Midrash
22)[line 33]ô÷ò àøæàPAKA ARZA- (a) the cedar tree broke, blew up; (b) the cedar pillar or beam of the Beis Midrash cracked
23a)[line 36]äæøç ùîù ìøåöçéíHAZRE'ACH SHEMESH LA'ROTZCHIM- make the sun rise for the [unintentional] killers (i.e. make sure that the cities that you separate are equipped with the necessities that the Gemara just mentioned)
b)[line 36]äÄæÀøÇçÀúÌÈ ùîù ìøåöçéíHIZRACHTA SHEMESH LA'ROTZCHIM- you made the sun rise for the [unintentional] killers (i.e. you made sure that the cities that you separated were equipped with the necessities that the Gemara just mentioned)
24)[line 37]"àåÉäÅá ëÌÆñÆó ìÉà éÄùÒÀáÌÇò ëÌÆñÆó, åÌîÄé àÉäÅá áÌÆäÈîåÉï ìÉà úÀáåÌàÈä; [âÌÇí æÆä äÈáÆì]""OHEV KESEF LO YISBA KESEF, U'MI OHEV BE'HAMON LO SEVU'AH; [GAM ZEH HAVEL]"- "He who loves silver shall not be satisfied with silver, nor he who loves abundance with gain; [this also is vanity]" (Koheles 5:9).
25)[line 42](ñéîï àùé ììîåã, øáéðà ììîã)(SIMAN ASHI LILMOD, RAVINA LILAMED)- this is a mnemonic device to remember the names of the two Amora'im who are mentioned in the following lines of the Gemara and the topic of their statements. It stands for:
1.Rav Ashi Amar, Kol ha'Ohev Lilmod... (line 42)
2.Ravina Amar, Kol ha'Ohev Lilamed... (line 45)
26)[line 43]"çÆøÆá àÆì äÇáÌÇãÌÄéí åÀðÉàÈìåÌ...""CHEREV EL HA'BADIM V'NO'ALU..."- "A sword is upon the liars; and they shall become fools..." (Yirmeyahu 50:36) - The Gemara interprets the word "ha'Badim," as "those who are [learning Torah] by themselves."
27)[line 43]ùåðàéäí ùì úìîéãé çëîéíSONEIHEM SHEL TALMIDEI CHACHAMIM- (lit. those who hate Talmidei Chachamim) a euphemism for the Talmidei Chachamim
28)[line 44]áã ááãBAD B'VAD- individually (áã Bad = an individual stalk, a twig)
29)[line 44]"[åÇéÌÉàîÆø àÇäÂøÉï àÆì îÉùÑÆä; áÌÄé àÂãÉðÄé, àÇì ðÈà úÈùÑÅú òÈìÅéðåÌ çÇèÌÈàú] àÂùÑÆø ðåÉàÇìÀðåÌ åÇàÂùÑÆø çÈèÈàðåÌ""... ASHER NO'ALNU VA'ASHER CHATANU"- "[And Aharon said to Moshe: Please, my master, I beg you, do not cast a sin upon us,] because we have acted foolishly, and because we have sinned" (Bamidbar 12:11).
30)[line 45]"ðåÉàÂìåÌ ùÒÈøÅé öÉòÇï ðÄùÌÑÀàåÌ ùÒÈøÅé ðÉó [äÄúÀòåÌ àÆú îÄöÀøÇéÄí ôÌÄðÌÇú ùÑÀáÈèÆéäÈ]""NO'ALU SAREI TZO'AN [NISHE'U SAREI NOF, HIS'U ES MITZRAYIM PINAS SHEVATEHA]"- "The princes of Tzo'an have become fools, [the princes of Nof are deceived; they have also made Egypt go astray, even those who are the mainstay of its tribes]" (Yeshayah 19:13).
31)[line 48]ùòøé éøåùìí, ùäéå òåñ÷éí áúåøäSHA'AREI YERUSHALAYIM SHE'HAYU OSKIM BA'TORAH- the Batei Midrash (lit. gates) of Yerushalayim in which the scholars were learning Torah diligently
10b----------------------------------------10b
32)[line 1]ôøùú ãøëéíPARASHAS DERACHIM- the crossroads
33)[line 5]"èåÉá åÀéÈùÑÈø ä', òÇì ëÌÅï éåÉøÆä çÇèÌÈàÄéí áÌÇãÌÈøÆêÀ""TOV V'YASHAR HASH-M, AL KEN YOREH CHATA'IM BA'DARECH"- "Good and upright is HaSh-m, therefore He instructs sinners in the [righteous] way" (Tehilim 25:8).
34)[line 7]"åÇàÂùÑÆø ìÉà öÈãÈä, åÀäÈàÁìÉ÷Äéí àÄðÌÈä ìÀéÈãåÉ; [åÀùÒÇîÀúÌÄé ìÀêÈ îÈ÷åÉí àÂùÑÆø éÈðåÌñ ùÑÈîÌÈä]""VA'ASHER LO TZADAH, VEHA'EL-KIM INAH L'YADO..."- "And if a man does not lie in wait, but HaSh m has caused it (the accidental murder) to come into his hand; [then I will appoint you a place where he shall flee]" (Shemos 21:13).
35)[line 8]"ëÌÇàÂùÑÆø éÉàîÇø îÀùÑÇì äÇ÷ÌÇãÀîÉðÄé, îÅøÀùÑÈòÄéí éÅöÅà øÆùÑÇò...""KA'ASHER YOMAR MESHAL HA'KADMONI, ME'RESHA'IM YETZEI RESHA..."- "As the Ancient Proverb (a reference to the Torah) states, 'Wickedness proceeds from the wicked...'" (Shmuel I 24:13).
36)[line 13]ìôåðã÷PUNDAK- an inn
37)[line 18]"ìÉà úÅìÅêÀ òÄîÌÈäÆí" / "÷åÌí ìÅêÀ àÄúÌÈí""LO SELECH IMAHEM" / "KUM LECH ITAM"- "Do not go with them" (Bamidbar 22:12) / "Get up and go with them" (Bamidbar 22:20) - HaSh-m said these words to Bil'am.
38)[line 19]"[ëÌÉä àÈîÇø ä' âÌÉàÇìÀêÈ, ÷ÀãåÉùÑ éÄùÒÀøÈàÅì;] àÂðÄé ä' àÁìÉ÷ÆéêÈ îÀìÇîÌÆãÀêÈ ìÀäåÉòÄéì, îÇãÀøÄéëÀêÈ áÌÀãÆøÆêÀ úÌÅìÅêÀ""... ANI HASH-M EL-KECHA, MELAMEDCHA L'HO'IL, MADRICHECHA B'DERECH TELECH"- "[Thus says HaSh-m, your redeemer, the Holy One of Yisrael;] I am HaSh-m, your G-d, Who teaches you for your benefit, Who leads you by the way that you should go" (Yeshayah 48:17).
39)[line 20]"àÄí ìÇìÌÅöÄéí äåÌà éÈìÄéõ åÀìÇòÂðÈåÄéí éÄúÌÆï çÅï""IM LA'LETZIM HU YALITZ VELA'ANAVIM YITEN CHEN"- "He (HaSh-m) scoffs at the scoffers and gives grace to the humble" (Mishlei 3:34) - Since HaSh-m scoffs at the Leitzim, He holds back Divine assistance and does not prevent their spiritual downfall.
40)[line 21]"[ôÌÆï éÄøÀãÌÉó âÌÉàÅì äÇãÌÈí àÇçÂøÅé äÈøÉöÅçÇ, ëÌÄé éÅçÇí ìÀáÈáåÉ, åÀäÄùÌÒÄéâåÉ ëÌÄé éÄøÀáÌÆä äÇãÌÆøÆêÀ åÀäÄëÌÈäåÌ ðÈôÆùÑ;] åÀìåÉ àÅéï îÄùÑÀôÌÇè îÈåÆú, ëÌÄé ìÉà ùÒÉðÅà äåÌà ìåÉ îÄúÌÀîåÉì ùÑÄìÀùÑåÉí""... V'LO EIN MISHPAT MAVES..."- "[Lest the avenger of the blood pursue the slayer, while his heart is hot, and overtake him, because the way is long, and slay him;] though he was not deserving of death, [since in times past he did not hate him]" (Devarim 19:6).
41)[line 31]äøáä ùìéçåú òåùäHARBEH SHELICHUS OSAH- (lit. agency does much) sending emissaries at times accomplishes more than what would have been accomplished by the sender (the Girsa in RASHI DH Harbeh should be changed from "u'Miskabelim Al Yedei Harbeh Sheluchim to "u'Miskabelim Harbeh Al Yedei Sheluchim" - RASHASH)
42)[line 32]åäà úðéàV'HA TANYA- (this is a statement, not a question)
43)[line 40]"[åÀðÈñ àÆì àÇçÇú îÅäÆòÈøÄéí äÈàÅìÌÆä, åÀòÈîÇã ôÌÆúÇç ùÑÇòÇø äÈòÄéø] åÀãÄáÌÆø áÌÀàÈæÀðÅé æÄ÷ÀðÅé äÈòÄéø äÇäÄéà àÆú ãÌÀáÈøÈéå; [åÀàÈñÀôåÌ àÉúåÉ äÈòÄéøÈä àÂìÅéäÆí, åÀðÈúÀðåÌ ìåÉ îÈ÷åÉí åÀéÈùÑÇá òÄîÌÈí]""... V'DIBER B'OZNEI ZIKNEI HA'IR HA'HI ES DEVARAV..."- "[And when he who flees to one of those cities shall stand at the entrance of the gate of the city,] and shall declare his cause in the ears of the elders of that city; [they shall take him into the city to them, and give him a place, that he may live among them]" (Yehoshua 20:4).
44)[line 40]åìà ùäåùåå ãáøéäï ìãáøéåLO SHE'HUSHVU DIVREIHEN LI'DEVARAV- and not that his words should match their words, i.e. that they are killers just like him (with regard to the fact that the Gemara brings a proof for a city that has a majority of killers from a verse that describes the elders of the city, see RITVA (end of 9b); ARUCH HA'SHULCHAN Choshen Mishpat 425:56; ARUCH LA'NER)
45)[line 41]æ÷ðéíZEKENIM- elders
46)[line 45]áï ñåøø åîåøäBEN SORER U'MOREH - the "wayward and rebellious son"
(a)A boy can be tried as a Ben Sorer u'Moreh (Devarim 21:18-21) from the time that he shows signs of puberty (when two hairs grow) until he reaches a further stage of development (approximately three months later). He must steal money from his father, and buy 50 Dinar's weight of meat, eating it rare outside his father's property and in bad company. He must also drink half a Log (5 oz.) of wine with the meal. It is therefore forbidden for a boy of this age to eat such a meal at any time (SEFER HA'MITZVOS, Lo Sa'aseh #195)
(b)A Ben Sorer u'Moreh is punished with Sekilah (stoning). Rebbi Yosi ha'Glili explains that since he is running after worldly pleasures, he will eventually deplete all of his father's possessions, and when there is nothing left, he will stand at a crossroads and steal from people. It is better to kill him when he is young and has few sins than to let him live and die a wicked man (Sanhedrin 72a).
(c)The Gemara (Sanhedrin 68b-72a) learns that there are additional conditions necessary to become a Ben Sorer u'Moreh, which are so numerous and intricate that it is unfeasible for this punishment ever to be executed.
47)[line 47]òâìä òøåôäEGLAH ARUFAH
(a)If a Jew is found murdered in a field (in Eretz Yisrael) and it is not known who the murderer is, the Torah requires that an Eglah Arufah be brought in order to atone for the blood that was spilled (Devarim 21:1). The procedure is as follows:
(b)Five elders (according to the opinion of Rebbi Yehudah, which is the Halachah) of the Beis Din of the Lishkas ha'Gazis (the Jewish Supreme Court) measure the distance between the dead body and the cities around it to determine which city is closest to it.
(c)The elders of the city that is closest to the corpse must bring a female calf that has never been worked (see Background to Bava Metzia 30:12:b) to a Nachal Eisan (a swiftly flowing stream - RAMBAM Hilchos Rotze'ach 9:2; a valley with tough soil - RASHI). They strike it on the back of its neck (Arifah) with a cleaver, severing its spinal column, gullet and windpipe.
(d)The elders of the closest city then wash their hands there and say, "Our hands have not spilled this blood, and our eyes did not see [the murder]" (Devarim 21:7). This includes a proclamation that the dead man was not sent away from the city without the proper food for his journey or the proper accompaniment. The Kohanim that are present say, "Atone for Your people Yisrael whom You have redeemed, HaSh-m, and do not place [the guilt for] innocent blood in the midst of Your people Yisrael" (ibid. 21:8). After this procedure, HaSh-m will grant atonement for the innocent blood that was spilled (RAMBAM Hilchos Rotze'ach 9:3).