[18a - 28 lines; 18b - 21 lines]
1)[line 21]רווחא הוא דלית להRAVCHA HU D'LEIS LAH- (lit. there is no "space" for it [to find its place]) there is no opportunity for it to take effect
18b----------------------------------------18b
2)[line 1]ופירושם להקלU'PEIRUSHAM L'HAKEL- and we rule leniently with regard to their explanations. When the person who makes a Neder claims afterwards that he had no intention of making a Neder, we rule leniently according to his explanation, even if they are far-fetched. Some examples are brought in the Mishnah on Daf 20a.
3)[line 2]כבשר מליחK'BESAR MELI'ACH- like salted meat
4)[line 2]כיין נסךYAYIN NESECH
(a)Wine that was poured as an idolatrous libation is Asur b'Hana'ah. This is derived from the verse, "Asher Chelev Zevacheimo Yochelu, Yishtu Yein Nesicham" - "Those who ate the fat of their sacrifices, and drank the wine of their drink offerings" (Devarim 32:38), which compares the wine of libations to an animal sacrificed for idolatrous purposes.
(b)The Chachamim prohibited the wine of a Nochri that was not poured as a libation (Stam Yeinam) out of fear that drinking wine together would lead to intermarriage. In order to avoid confusion between Yayin Nesech and Stam Yeinam, the Chachamim instituted that Stam Yeinam is also Asur b'Hana'ah. Although this is only an Isur mid'Rabanan, it is a very severe prohibition (see Chochmas Adam 75:1).
5)[line 5]כחרם של כהנים / כחרם של שמיםCHEREM SHEL SHAMAYIM / CHEREM SHEL KOHANIM
There are two types of Charamim (a type of vow or pledge in which one pronounces "This object should be a Cherem"):
1.Chermei Kohanim, which are given to the Kohanim for their personal use and cannot be redeemed from the Kohen;
2.Chermei Gavo'ah, also known as Charamim Shel Shamayim, which are given to the Beis ha'Mikdash for the Bedek ha'Bayis and can be redeemed like any other Hekdesh.
6)[line 7]כמעשר בהמהMA'ASER BEHEMAH
(a)Every year, a person must collect all of the kosher animals that were born during that year into a corral. As they leave the corral through a narrow opening, one by one, the owner counts them and marks every tenth one as Ma'aser Behemah. The Mitzvah of Ma'aser Behemah is stated in Vayikra, "v'Chol Ma'asar Bakar va'Tzon, Kol Asher Ya'avor Tachas ha'Shevet, ha'Asiri Yiheyeh Kodesh la'Sh-m" - "And all of the herds and flocks shall be tithed as they are counted under the rod, every tenth one being consecrated to HaSh-m" (Vayikra 27:32).
(b)Ma'aser Behemah is eaten by its owner. If it has no Mum (blemish or defect), it is offered as a Korban on the Mizbe'ach and eaten by its owner in Yerushalayim. If it has a Mum, the owner may slaughter and eat it anywhere.
7)[line 8]של גורןSHEL GOREN (MA'ASER)
(a)After a crop is harvested and brought to the owner's house or yard, he must separate Terumah from the crop and give it to a Kohen (Bamidbar 18:12; Devarim 18:4). Although the Torah does not specify the amount to be given, the Rabanan set the requirement at approximately one fiftieth of the total crop.
(b)After Terumah is removed from the produce, the first tithe to be given every year is called Ma'aser Rishon; one tenth of the produce must be given to a Levi (Bamidbar 18:21).
(c)A second tithe is given every year after Ma'aser Rishon has been separated. The tithe that is separated in the third and sixth years of the 7-year Shemitah cycle is called Ma'aser Ani and is given to the poor (Devarim 14:28-29).
(d)The tithe that is separated during the first, second, fourth and fifth years is called Ma'aser Sheni. The Torah requires that Ma'aser Sheni be brought and eaten by its owner in Yerushalayim.
(e)Alternatively, Ma'aser Sheni produce may be redeemed, in which case the money used to redeem it is brought to Yerushalayim (Devarim 14:22-27). If the owner himself redeems the produce, he must add an additional fifth (of the ensuing total, or a quarter of the original value). The food that is bought with this money in Yerushalayim becomes Kodesh like Ma'aser Sheni and must be eaten b'Taharah. Ma'aser Sheni that was redeemed by anyone besides the owner is exempt from the additional fifth (Vayikra 27:30-31).
8)[line 9]כתרומת הלשכהTERUMAS HA'LISHKAH
(a)Every year, one half Shekel was collected from every Jew to fund the Korbenos Tzibur that were offered in the Beis ha'Mikdash. Beis Din placed the money that was collected in a room in the Mikdash reserved for that purpose (see Background to Kesuvos 108:1, "Shekalim").
(b)At three times during the year (before each of the three festivals), Beis Din filled three boxes, each of which held three Se'in (approximately 21.6, 25 or 43.2 liters, depending upon the differing Halachic opinions) with Shekalim from that room. The portion that was set aside in the boxes was called the "Terumas ha'Lishkah," while the remainder of the Shekalim were called "Sheyarei ha'Lishkah" (Shekalim 7b, 8a). (See Insights to Shekalim 9:2)
(c)There is a difference of opinion as to why the Terumas ha'Lishkah was done three times a year rather than just once. One opinion states that the reason was only to publicize the Terumas ha'Lishkah (Shekalim 2b, see Insights there). According to others, Beis Din was concerned that the Terumas ha'Lishkah should be collected from the Shekalim that arrived later in the year (this opinion is also mentioned in the Yerushalmi, ibid.).
(d)The Shekalim from the Terumas ha'Lishkah were used to purchase the animals needed for public sacrifices and for the wages of certain laborers and appointees of Hekdesh. The Shekalim from the Sheyarei ha'Lishkah were used to buy other goods necessary for the upkeep of the Mikdash and the entire city of Yerushalayim (Shekalim 4a-b).
9)[line 10]של גורןSHEL GOREN (TERUMAH)
(a)After a crop is harvested and brought to the owner's house or yard, he must separate Terumah Gedolah from the crop and give it to a Kohen. Although the Torah does not specify the amount to be given, the Rabanan set the requirement at one fiftieth of the total crop. More generous landowners separated one fortieth while the less generous separated one sixtieth.
(b)The obligation to give Terumah is learned from the verse, "Reishis Deganecha Tiroshecha v'Yitzharecha... Titen Lo" - "The first portion of your grain, wine and oil... give [to the Kohen]" (Devarim 18:4). The Rishonim dispute from which crops one is obligated to give Terumah mid'Oraisa.
1.According to RASHI (here and elsewhere), TOSFOS (Bechoros 54a DH u'Shnei and elsewhere), the RA'AVAD (Hilchos Ma'aser 1:9) and the SEFER HA'CHINUCH (#507), Terumah mid'Oraisa is only taken from the crops mentioned in this verse, grains, grapes and olives.
2.According to the RAMBAN (Devarim 14:22), Terumah mid'Oraisa is only taken from grains, wine and olive oil, but not from raw grapes and olives. (According to Tosfos in Bava Metzia 88b DH Ki, although Terumah mid'Oraisa must be taken from grapes and olives as well, that is only if they were harvested to be eaten.)
3.According to the RAMBAM (Hilchos Terumos 2:1, 6), Terumah mid'Oraisa must be taken from all produce that is not ownerless (Hefker), that grows from the ground and that is regularly eaten by humans.
(c)According to all opinions, there is at least a Mitzvah mid'Rabanan to separate Terumah from all produce that is not ownerless, that grows from the ground, and that is regularly eaten by humans (MINCHAS CHINUCH # 507).
10a)[line 12]ביהודהB'YEHUDAH- in the land of Yehudah, consisting of the lands south of the ancient city of Antipatris, near the modern-day Rosh ha'Ayin
b)[line 12]בגלילB'GALIL- in the land of Galil, consisting of the modern-day Galil, north of Megido
11)[line 18]הכויKOY
There is a Machlokes Tana'im as to which animal Chazal (Mishnah Chulin 83b, etc.) refer to as a "Koy." Some Tana'im say that it is a crossbreed between certain species of goats and deer, while others say that it is an independent species (Chulin 80a). The Koy shows signs of being both a domesticated animal (Behemah, of which the Chelev is prohibited) and a wild animal (Chayah, of which the Chelev is not prohibited).
12)[line 19]ממונו מעייל לספיקאMEMONO ME'AYIL LI'SEFEIKA- [if there is a choice as to whether a person includes his property in a Neder or not, we assume that] he does include in his Neder the property about which there is a doubt