[53a - 44 lines; 53b - 37 lines]

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We recommend using the textual changes suggested by the Bach and the marginal notes of the Vilna Shas. This section is devoted to any other important corrections that Acharonim have pointed out in the Gemara and Rashi.

[1] Gemara 53a [line 29]:

The words "Nir'in Divrei Rebbi Yehudah Ben Agra l'Rabanan d'Lo Badkah" ðøàéï ãáøé øáé éäåãä áï àâøà ìøáðï ãìà áã÷ä

should be "Nir'in Divrei Rebbi Yehudah Ben Agra l'Rabanan bed'Lo Badkah"ðøàéï ãáøé øáé éäåãä áï àâøà ìøáðï áãìà áã÷ä

[2] Rashi 53b DH l'Mafre'a ã"ä ìîôøò:

This is a continuation of the previous Dibur

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1)[line 2]îàé áã÷ä, åîàé ìà áã÷ä?MAI BADKAH, U'MAI LO BADKAH?- What is the case termed "Badkah," "she checked," and what is the case termed "Lo Badkah," "she did not check?" The Gemara does not answer this question with Rava's subsequent statement; the answer is further down the page.

2)[line 6]áéï äùîùåú ãøáé éäåãä/ ãø' éåñéBEIN HA'SHEMASHOS D'REBBI YEHUDAH / D'REBBI YOSI

(a)Bein ha'Shemashos refers to the period of the day during which the sun begins to set, but has not yet finished setting (according to the Halachic definition of sunset). There is an uncertainty as to whether Bein ha'Shemashos is Halachically considered part of the day or part of the night.

(b)The Tana'im (Shabbos 34b) argue as to exactly when Bein ha'Shemashos occurs:

1.According to Rebbi Yehudah, Bein ha'Shemashos starts from the time the sun dips under the horizon and lasts for the time that it takes an average person to walk either two thirds or three quarters of a Mil (according to the various understandings of Rebbi Yehudah's statement in Shabbos 34b).

2.Rebbi Nechemyah explains that it lasts for the time that it takes an average person to walk half of a Mil. (The fact that RASHI here and to Berachos 2b records this as the opinion of Rebbi Yehudah is discussed in Insights to Nidah 53:1.)

3.According to Rebbi Yosi, Bein ha'Shemashos lasts but as long as the (gentle) blink of an eye. Beforehand is day; afterwards is night. Our Gemara states that there is a difference of opinion as to whether the Bein ha'Shemashos of Rebbi Yosi occurs after or during the Bein ha'Shemashos of Rebbi Yehudah. Elsewhere, (Shabbos 35a), the Gemara concludes that Rebbi Yosi's Bein ha'Shemashos occurs after the end of Rebbi Yehudah's Bein ha'Shemashos.

3)[line 35]îï äîðçä åìîòìäMIN HA'MINCHAH ULEMA'ALAH- in the afternoon (before sunset)

4)[line 36]åðøàéï ãáøéå ëùáã÷äV'NIR'IN DEVARAV KESHE'BADKAH- Rebbi accepted the words of Rebbi Yehudah Ben Agra when there was a Bedikah

5)[line 38]àìà ôùéèà ãáã÷äELA PESHITAH D'BADKAH- ... and Rebbi Yosi argued even in such a case, as the Gemara explains at the end of the Amud

6)[last line]ùìéíSHALIM- it is finished

53b----------------------------------------53b

7)[line 2]îéùê ùééêMEISHACH SHAYICH- is a part of

8)[line 3]îèîàä òöîäMETAM'AH ATZMAH- it (the bloodstain) makes the woman herself retroactively Teme'ah

9)[line 11]úåìä ëúîä áøàééúäTOLAH KISMAH B'RE'IYASAH- see Insights to Nidah 53:2

10)[line 14]îòååúäME'AVSAH- corrupt her (am stringent with her)

11)[line 25]àâá ùéèôê àúéà ìêAGAV SHITFACH ASYA LACH- as you were reviewing what you learned, it came back to you

12)[line 28]éåí àøáòéí ìæëøYOM ARBA'IM L'ZACHAR... (YOLEDES)

(a)In Vayikra 12:1-8 the Torah discusses the laws of Tum'ah and Taharah after childbirth. (The same Halachos apply to a woman who miscarries after the fetus has reached a certain stage of development.) After a woman gives birth, she must wait for a certain amount of time before she can enter the Beis ha'Mikdash or eat Kodshim. That time period is divided into two stages: 1. During the initial stage, she has the status of a Nidah (even if she had not seen any blood). If she gave birth to a male, this lasts for seven days. If a female was born, this stage lasts for two weeks. At the end of this period, she may go to the Mikvah after nightfall. After she has gone to the Mikvah, she is permitted to eat Terumah, if she is the wife of a Kohen. 2. During the second stage, any blood that she sees does not give her the status of a Nidah as it normally would. The blood that she sees during this period is called Dam Tohar. Nevertheless, during this period, she may not eat Kodshim or enter the Beis ha'Mikdash. This lasts for thirty-three days for a male, and sixty-six days for a female. Thus, the total waiting period for a male is forty days and for a female, eighty days.

(b)Any bleeding that the woman experiences after the conclusion of the above two terms is the start of her regular cycle (Dam Nidah).

(c)At the end of the above two stages, the woman may eat Kodshim and enter the Azarah of the Beis ha'Mikdash only after she brings a Korban Yoledes. Until then she is a Mechuseres Kaparah (see Background to Me'ilah 8:4). Her Korban includes a male sheep as an Olah and a Tor (turtledove) or a Ben Yonah (common dove) as a Chatas. If she could not afford a sheep, she brings two Torim or two Bnei Yonah, one as an Olah and one as a Chatas. (The current practice is to consider a woman a Nidah even during the period of Dam Tohar — see Insights to Nidah 25:2.)

(d)If a woman experiences bleeding during Bein ha'Shemashos of the forty-first day after the birth of a boy, or during Bein ha'Shemashos of the eighty-first day after the birth of a girl, we are in doubt as to whether the blood is Dam Tohar or Dam Nidah.

13)[line 31]äùåèåúHA'SHOTOS- the fools, confused ones

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