(Mishnah) Question: What are the differences between Pesach Rishon and Sheni?

Answer: Bal Yera'eh and Bal Yimatzei apply to Pesach Rishon - on Pesach Sheni, one may have Chametz and Matzah in his house; one must sing Hallel while eating Pesach Rishon, but not while eating Pesach Sheni.

Hallel must be sung while offering both of them;

Both of them must be eaten roasted with Matzah and Maror, and they are Docheh Shabbos.

(Gemara - Beraisa): "K'Chol Chukas ha'Pesach Ya'asu Oso" - all Mitzvos b'Gufo (that pertain to the Korban Pesach Sheni itself) are like Pesach Rishon;

Question: What is the source regarding Mitzvos Al Gufo (that accompany it, e.g. Matzah and Maror)?

Answer: "Al Matzos u'Merorim Yochluhu."

Suggestion: Perhaps even Mitzvos that are not Al Gufo apply (e.g. Tashbisu)!

Rejection: "V'Etzem Lo Sishberu Vo" - not breaking bones is a Mitzvah b'Gufo - all such Mitzvos apply to Pesach Sheni.

Isi ben Yehudah says, "Ya'asu Oso" - the Torah discusses Mitzvos b'Gufo.

Question: The Beraisa suggests that even Mitzvos that are not Al Gufo apply, after saying that [only] Mitzvos b'Gufo are like Pesach Rishon!

Answer: After we learned that Matzah and Maror (Al Gufo) apply, we know that "Ya'asu Oso" is not understood simply [to limit to Mitzvos b'Gufo];

Perhaps it is a Perat u'Chelal (the Reisha of the verse, Nosar and breaking bones, are specific terms, followed by a general term ("Ya'asu Oso")), and the Kelal expands the Perat to include everything!

The Beraisa teaches that this is not so.

Question: How does Isi expound "V'Etzem Lo Sishberu Vo"?

Answer: It forbids breaking bones with or without marrow.

Question: How do Chachamim expound "Ya'asu Oso" (it does not limit to Mitzvos b'Gufo!)?

Answer: ["Ya'asu" is plural -] we strive not to slaughter Pesach Sheni for an individual (Rambam - we strive to get people to bring the Korban together; Rashi - if only one person is Tamei on Pesach Rishon, we Metamei another).

(Beraisa) Suggestion: "K'Chol Chukas ha'Pesach Ya'asu Oso" - perhaps Bal Yera'eh and Bal Yimatzei apply to Pesach Sheni, like Pesach Rishon!

Rejection: "Al Matzos u'Merorim Yochluhu" (this is a Perat - the Kelal K'Chol Chukas... only includes Mitzvos similar to each Perat, as the Gemara will explain).

Question: This teaches that Mitzvos Ase Al Gufo apply to the Sheni like the Rishon - what is the source for Lavim?

Answer: "Lo Yash'iru Mimenu Ad Boker."

Question: This teaches about a Lav ha'Nitak l'Ase (there is an Ase to correct transgression of the Lav, i.e. we burn Nosar) - what is the source for a 'full' Lav?

Answer: "V'Etzem Lo Sishberu Vo'"

Just like the Peratim are an Ase, a Lav ha'Nitak l'Ase and a full Lav, we learn that all such Mitzvos of the Rishon apply to the Sheni.

Question: What do we include from the Kelal on account of "Al Matzos u'Merorim" (Mitzvos Ase)?

Answer: We learn that it must be "Tzeli Esh".

Question: What do we exclude on account of this Perat?

Answer: We exclude getting rid of [Chametz and] Se'or.

Question: Perhaps we should rather include Hashbasas Se'or and exclude roasting!

Answer: It is more reasonable to include a Mitzvah b'Gufo.

Question: What do we include from the Kelal on account of "Lo Yash'iru Mimenu" (Lav ha'Nitak l'Ase)?

Answer: We include "Lo Sotzi" (if one took it out of the house, he must return it).

Question: What do we exclude on account of this Perat?

Answer: We exclude Bal Yera'eh and Bal Yimatzei (they are Nitak l'Ase, i.e. Tashbisu).

Question: Perhaps we should rather include Bal Yera'eh and Bal Yimatzei and exclude "Lo Sotzi!"

Answer: It is more reasonable to include a Mitzvah b'Gufo.

Question: What do we include from the Kelal on account of "V'Etzem Lo Sishberu Vo" (a full Lav)?

Answer: We include "Al Tochlu Mimenu Na."

Question: What do we exclude on account of this Perat?

Answer: We exclude "Lo Sishchat Al Chametz Dam Zivchi."

Question: Perhaps we should rather include "Lo Sishchat" and exclude "Al Tochlu Mimenu Na"!

Answer: It is more reasonable to include a Mitzvah b'Gufo.

(Mishnah): One must sing Hallel while eating Pesach Rishon...[but not while eating Pesach Sheni].

Question: What is the source of this?

Answer (R. Yochanan): "Ha'Shir Yihyeh Lachem k'Leil Hiskadesh Chag" - song (Hallel) is required only if the night has Kedushas Yom Tov (Isur Melachah).

(Mishnah): Hallel must be sung while offering both of them.

Question: What is the reason?

Answer #1: The above verse only exempts [Chol] nights from Hallel.

Answer #2: Surely Yisrael sing Hallel when they [do a Mitzvah (Me'iri - in the Mikdash), e.g.] offer Pesach or take the Lulav!

(Mishnah): Both of them must be eaten roasted...[and they Docheh Shabbos].

Inference: They Docheh Shabbos, but not Tum'ah - our Mishnah is unlike R. Yehudah:

(Beraisa): Pesach is Docheh Shabbos, but not Tum'ah;

R. Yehudah says, it is even Docheh Tum'ah.

Question: What is the first Tana's reason?

Answer: One is detained to Pesach Sheni on account of Tum'ah - will he now offer it b'Tum'ah?!

R. Yehudah holds that the Torah sought to enable him to offer b'Taharah - if he did not merit to do so, at least he will offer it b'Tum'ah!

(Beraisa): Pesach Rishon and Sheni are Docheh Shabbos and Tum'ah, and require Linah (one may not leave Yerushalayim that night).

Question: This is like R. Yehudah, who says that Pesach Sheni is Docheh Tum'ah - but he does not require Linah for Pesach Sheni!

(Beraisa - R. Yehudah): Pesach does not require Linah:

It says "U'Fanisa va'Boker v'Holachta l'Ohalecha; Sheshes Yomim Tochal Matzos" - Linah is required only when Matzah is eaten the following six days, i.e. Pesach Rishon.

Answer: Tana'im argue about the opinion of R. Yehudah.

(Mishnah): When Pesach is brought b'Tum'ah, the following may not eat it - a Zav, Zavah, Nidah, or Yoledes; if one of them ate, he is exempt from Kares.

R. Eliezer exempts even for entering the Mikdash b'Tum'ah.

(Gemara - Beraisa) Suggestion: Perhaps if a Zav, Zavah, Nidah, or Yoledes ate Pesach ha'Ba b'Tumah, he is liable!

Rejection: "Kol Tahor Yochal Basar; Veha'Nefesh Asher Tochal...v'Tumaso Alav v'Nichresah" - a Tamei is liable for eating Kodshim only if it should have been eaten by Tehorim.

Suggestion (R. Eliezer): Perhaps if a Zav forced his way into the Mikdash during Pesach ha'Ba b'Tumah, he is liable!

Rejection: "Vi'Shalchu Min ha'Machaneh Kol Tzaru'a v'Chol Zav v'Chol Tamei la'Nefesh." - Zavim and Metzora'im must be sent [from the Mikdash] only when a Tamei Mes is sent [but not during Pesach ha'Ba b'Tumah].

Question (Rav Yosef): If a Tamei Mes forced his way into the Heichal during Pesach ha'Ba b'Tumah, is he liable? (Even Tahor Kohanim may enter only for needs of Avodah - there is no need for this regarding Pesach.)

Since he is permitted to enter the Azarah, he is also permitted to enter the Heichal;

Or, perhaps he is permitted only to enter the Azarah, but not the Heichal!

Version #1 - Answer (Rava): "Vi'Shalchu Min ha'Machaneh" - even [when a Tamei Mes is not totally barred from Machaneh Shechinah, i.e. during Pesach ha'Ba b'Tumah when he may enter the Azarah, he is barred] from part of the Machaneh (the Heichal).

Version #2 - Answer (Rava): "Vi'Shalchu Min ha'Machaneh" (sending from the Heichal) applies only when "El mi'Chutz la'Machaneh Teshalchum," he must leave the Azarah. (Tosfos - this refers to Kares, but in either case an Ase forbids entering the Heichal.)