1)

(a)The Mishnah rules that if a married woman is living with her husband, and her husband and father both Shechted the Korban Pesach on her behalf - she eats from her husband's Korban ...

(b)... because we assume that a woman follows her husband, as long as she does not state otherwise.

(c)If however, she went to spend the first Pesach with her parents (as was customary in those days), and her husband and father both Shechted the Korban Pesach on her behalf - she may choose to eat with whichever one she wishes (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)She is obligated to participate in her father's Pesach however - if she was constantly pining to go home.

(e)If an orphan's two Apotropsin (custodians) both register him on their respective Pesachim - he may participate in whichever one he chooses (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

2)

(a)The Mishnah rules that an Eved - Cana'ani who belongs to two masters cannot eat from either Korban Pesach ...

(b)... since neither master gave him permission to eat with the other one.

(c)It is nevertheless possible for him to fulfill the Mitzvah of eating the Korban Pesach - if they both agree by which one he should eat.

3)

(a)The Mishnah forbids someone who is half an Eved and half a ben-Chorin to eat from his master's Pesach - because there is no reason to assume that his master had in mind to include the half of him that is a ben Chorin.

(b)We can extrapolate from this ruling - that he may eat from his own Korban Pesach.

(c)This is because - since his master is obligated to set him free, it is considered as if he is free already (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)It is possible to attain the status of half an Eved and half a ben-Chorin - by belonging to two masters, one of whom has set him free.

4)

(a)The Mishnah rules that in a case where a master instructed his Eved to Shecht a Korban Pesach on his behalf and he Shechted ...

1. ... either a kid-goat or a lamb - the master eats whichever one the Eved Shechted.

2. ... both a kid-goat and a lamb - he eats whichever one the Eved Shechted first.

(b)If, in the former case, the Eved Shechted a kid-goat, whereas the master was accustomed to eating a lamb - he nevertheless eats whichever one the Eved Shechted ...

(c)... because, seeing as he left the choice to the whim of the Eved, he demonstrated that he accepted the Eved's decision.

(d)In the latter case, the second animal - has to be burned.

5)

(a)We establish the latter case by a king or queen. In the case of an ordinary person - he would not be permitted to eat from either Pesach ...

(b)... because, based on the principle 'Ein B'reirah' (one cannot choose retroactively, as who says he had in mind this one at the time of Shechitah, perhaps he had in mind the other one) one is not permitted to register on two Korb'nos Pesach.

(c)Some say that the reason that it is nevertheless acceptable by a king or queen is because of shalom Malchus. According to others it is - because royalty tend to rely on the choice of their Avadim, and don't really care whether they choose a goat or a lamb.

6)

(a)In the event that the Eved forgot whether his master instructed him to Shecht a kid-goat or a lamb - he Shechts both a kid-goat and a lamb and stipulates that whichever conforms to his master's instructions belongs to his master, and the other one belongs to him.

(b)The problem with the animal that he Shechts in his own name is - that whatever an Eved owns belongs to his master.

(c)To avoid it, the Eved must go to a shepherd who is well-acquainted with his master and who is interested in his well-being, and arrange the purchase of the two animals, and to stipulate that one is for his master, and whichever one is for him, is his on condition that his master has no rights to it.

(d)If, after the Eved did what he had to do, the master too forgot what he told him - both animals must be burned, and they are Patur from bringing a Pesach Sheini ...

(e)... since both the Shechitah and the Zerikah were above board (bearing in mind that G-d knew which Korban belonged to whom).

7)

(a)The Tana discusses a case where a father tells his children that he will Shecht the Korban Pesach on whoever arrives first in Yerushalayim. The child that will be considered as having arrived first in Yerushalayim - is the one whose head and most of his body has entered Yerushalayim.

(b)When he does - he merits his own portion and is Mezakeh his siblings to receive theirs ...

(c)... because it is obvious that the father was interested in getting his children to go to Yerushalayim quickly, rather then to preclude any of them from receiving a portion in the Korban Pesach.

8)

(a)As many people as want to - are permitted to participate in a Korban Pesach, as long as each one receives a k'Zayis.

(b)The Tana Kam permits one to ...

1. ... register on a Korban Pesach and to ...

2. ... withdraw one's name from the list - until the Korban has been Shechted.

(c)Rebbi Shimon - agrees with the former ruling, but holds that he may still withdraw as long as the blood has not been sprinkled (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

9)

(a)The Tana permits the members of a group to say to a member who invites his friend to join the group to join the group together with him - that he should take his portion and go and share it and eat it together with his friend.

(b)This ruling is based on the principle - that a Pesach may be eaten in two separate groups (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

10)

(a)One is permitted to Shecht a Korban Pesach on behalf of a Zav who has had two sightings, on his seventh day - since he will be ft to eat it after nightfall ...

(b)... provided he has already Toveled.

(c)This differ from a Tamei Meis whose seventh day falls on Erev Pesach, in that - he is forced to bring a Pesach Sheini (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)We learn this from the Pasuk in Beha'aloscha (in connection with the Te'me'ei Meis who complained to Moshe that they were unable to bring their Pesach because they were Tamei) "ve'Lo Yachlu La'asos ha'Pesach ba'Yom ha'Hu") - "ba'Yom ha'Hu" Lo Yachlu, but at night-time they would have been able to ... . Yet Moshe ordered them to bring Pesach Sheini.

(e)One may Shecht the Korban Pesach on behalf of a Zav on his eighth day - provided he has handed over his Korbanos to the Beis-Din (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

11)

(a)A 'Shomeres Yom ke'Neged Yom' is - a woman who had a sighting of blood during the eleven days between one Nidus and the next.

(b)One may Shecht on ...

1. ... her behalf - on the second day after she has counted part of the day.

2. ... behalf of a woman who saw two sightings on two consecutive days - one may Shecht on her behalf on the third day.

(c)Likewise, if a Zavah (Gedolah) saw three sightings on three consecutive days, one may Shecht for her on the eighth day, assuming she has counted seven clean days (See Tosfos Yom-Tov).

(d)All of the above (with the exception of a Zav and a Zavah who had three sightings) - have the status of a T'vul-Yom wwho is lacking Ha'arev-Shemesh (nightfall).

12)

(a)The Mishnah permits Shechting on behalf of an Onein and of someone who is digging a pile of rubble underneath which someone is buried. A person is called an Onein (regarding Kodshim) min ha'Torah - until the Meis has been buried and the entire day of the burial.

(b)The following night, he is - an Onein mi'de'Rabbanan.

(c)One is permitted to Shecht a Pesach on ...

1. ... his behalf - because the Chachamim waived the Isur de'Rabbanan in face of the Isur Kareis.

2. ... behalf of the person who is digging the pile of rubble underneath which someone is buried, notwithstanding the possibility that the latter may well turn out to be dead - due to the Chezkas Taharah of the digger.

(d)The Tana adds to the above list - a prisoner whom 'they' promised to set free that day.

13)

(a)The Tana permits Shechting the Korban Pesach on behalf of someone who is old or sick - provided he is able to eat a k'Zayis of the Korban Pesach.

(b)One is permitted to Shecht on behalf of all the above - on condition they are part of a group but not on their own.

(c)The reason for this with regard to ...

1. ... the Onein is - for fear that, in his troubled state, he will render himself Tamei Meis (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

2. ... the person who is clearing the pile of rubble - in case the victim turns out to be dead.

3. ... the old or sick person - in case their condition worsens and they find that they are unable to eat a k'Zayis.

14)

(a)Whereas the reason for the above restriction regarding the captive is - in case the captors do not keep their word and refuse to set him free.

(b)This restriction is confined however - to someone who is imprisoned by Nochrim ...

(c)... about whom the Pasuk in Tehilim writes - "asher Pihem Diber Shav" (they are prone to lie).

(d)It will not apply to a captive of Nochrim if he is being held in Yerushalayim - since he can eat the Korban Pesach there where he is.

15)

(a)The previous restriction will not apply to someone who is imprisoned by a Yisrael - whose word is a word ...

(b)... as the Navi Tzefanya says "She'eiris Yisrael Lo Yedabru Chazav" ('the remnant of Yisrael does not lie').

(c)'Yisrael' in this context, means - Beis-Din ...

(d)... who will imprison a Yisrael - to force him to divorce a wife who is forbidden to him or to pay his debts.

16)

(a)If the P'sul that we just discussed actually materializes - he is Patur from bringing a Pesach Sheini ...

(b).. since at the time of Shechitah, he was fit to eat it, and the blood was sprinkled be'Heter.

(c)The one exception is - where the person buried underneath the rubble ...

(d)... because it then transpires - that the digger was Tamei retroactively, and was not therefore fit to eat the Korban Pesach already from time that it was Shechted.

(e)This Chumra only applies to a round pit - (See Tos. Yom-Tov [in which case he was Ma'ahil on the Meis from the first moment that he leaned over the pit]), but not to an oblong one (since it is then possible that the victim was still alive at the time of Shechitah, and died only a short while later).

17)

(a)Rebbi Yehudah learns from the Pasuk in Re'ei "Lo Suchal Liz'bo'ach es ha'Pesach be'Achad ... " - that one is not permitted to bring a Korban Pesach on behalf of a single owner.

(b)Rebbi Yossi ...

1. ... authorizes a group consisting of one person who can eat the Pesach (See Tos. Yom-Tov), whereas he ...

2. ... forbids Shechting a Korban Pesach for a group comprising a hundred people who cannot.

(c)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Yossi.

18)

(a)One is permitted - to form a group of women or of Avadim to eat the Korban Pesach (See Tiferes Yisrael) ...

(b)... and when the Tana forbids making a group of Nashim, Avadim and Ketanim, he means - a. a group comprising Nashim and Avadim, and b. a group comprising Ketanim and Avadim ...

(c)... the ...

1. ... former - because of Hergel Aveirah (the fear that they will indulge in immoral conduct, the ...

2. ... latter - for fear that they will indulge in homosexuality (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

19)

(a)We learned earlier in the Perek that one may Shecht a Pesach on behalf of an Onein. We learn this from Aharon's words (in Shemini, following the death of his two sons "Ve'achalti Chatas ha'Yom?" - 'Yom Asur, Laylah Mutar!'

(b)He is then permitted to eat it - provided he has Toveled (ni'de'Rabbanan [since up until now, he was forbidden to eat Kodshim [See Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(c)The Chachamim differentiated between the Korban Pesach and other Kodshim (which they did not permit) - because not eating the Pesach is subject to Kareis, whilst other Korbanos is only a Mitzvas Asei.

(d)We learn from the Pasuk in Tetzaveh (in connection with Aharon and his sons eating the Korbanos of the Milu'im) "Ve'achlu Oso asher Kupar bahem" - that it is a Mitzvas Asei to eat Korbanos.

20)

(a)Somebody who receives belated news of his relatives death and somebody who has the bones of his parents transferred to the family burial-ground or to Eretz Yisrael (See Tiferes Yisrael) - are both On'nim mi'de'Rabbanan.

(b)The Mishnah permits them to eat even Kodshim after nightfall - provided they have Toveled.

(c)The Tana permits them to eat even Kodshim, which he did not do with regard to an Onein - because even in the daytime, their Aninus is only mi'de'Rabbanan.

21)

(a)In order to eat his Pesach after nightfall, Beis Shamai require a Ger who converts on Erev Pesach - to Toveil (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)When Beis Hillel say 'ha'Poreish min ha'Orlah ke'Poreish min ha'Kever, they mean - that, like a Tamei Meis, a Ger who has converted also requires sprinkling on the third and seventh days (See Tos. Yom-Tov) ...

(c)... in case in subsequent years he becomes Tamei, and, taking his cue from the year he converted, when he simply went to Mikvah on Erev Pesach and was allowed to eat the Pesach immediately, he will do the same then.

(d)This argument is flawed however - inasmuch as on the earlier occasion, he did need to wait seven days, since his Tum'ah occurred when he was a Nochri, whereas now it occurred when he was a Yisrael.

22)

(a)Beis Hillel say that an Areil Yisrael who circumcises on Erev Pesach - is permitted to eat the Pesach after nightfall ...

(b)... and we do not decree an Areil Yisrael on account of an Areil Nochri.

(c)An Areil Yisrael is - someone who has not been circumcised because two brothers before him died on account of the Milah.