(Mishnah): If one was Motzi any of the following [he is liable]:

Enough Teven (hard straw that remains in the ground when harvesting) to fill a cow's mouth, a camel's mouth full of Etzah (this will be explained), a lamb's mouth full of Amir (Kash, soft straw that is harvested with the grain), a kid's mouth full of grass, a k'Grogeres of moist leaves of garlic and onions (people eat them), or a kid's mouth of them if they are dry.

Different foods do not join with each other because the Shi'urim are different.

(Gemara) Question: What is Etzah?

Answer (Rav Yehudah): It is straw of legumes.

Version #1 (Rav Dimi): At night, R. Yochanan said that if one was Motzi a cow's mouth full of straw for a camel, he is liable; Reish Lakish exempts;

In the morning, R. Yochanan retracted.

Rav Yosef: It was proper that he retracted - camels do not eat straw!

Abaye: No, his first ruling was better - it is fitting for a cow (intent to feed to a camel does not exempt)!

Version #2 (Ravin): All agree that if one was Motzi a cow's mouth full of straw for a camel, he is liable;

They argue about a cow's mouth full of Etzah for a cow, but unlike Rav Dimi said - R. Yochanan exempts, Reish Lakish is Mechayev.

R. Yochanan exempts - he holds that eating [something eaten only] on account of pressed circumstances is not considered eating;

Reish Lakish obligates - he holds that eating due to pressed circumstances is considered eating.

(Mishnah): A lamb's mouth full of Amir.

Contradiction (Beraisa): One is liable for a k'Grogeres of Amir.

Resolution: Both of these are the same amount.

(Mishnah): K'Grogeres of moist leaves of garlic and onions, or a kid's mouth of them if they are dry; different foods do not join because the Shi'urim are different.

(R. Yosi b'Rebbi Chanina): They do not join to the smaller Shi'ur, but they join to the larger Shi'ur.

Question: Things with different Shi'urim do not join!

(Mishnah): The Shi'urim [to receive Tum'as Medras] for fabric, sackcloth, leather and matting are, respectively, three Tefachim by three [Tefachim], four by four [Tefachim], five by five and six by six.

(Mishnah): The following join [for the Shi'ur] - fabric and sackcloth, sackcloth and leather, leather and matting. (Tosfos - only the pairs listed join, for they connect well. Bartenura (Me'ilah) - all the materials join to comprise the largest Shi'ur among them.)

R. Shimon says, they join because a common Shi'ur of Moshav applies to all of them. (If one cut from any one (Tosfos; Rashi - two) of them and made a patch [for a saddle] at least one Tefach, it is Mekabel Tum'as Moshav.)

Answer: Here also, all [have a common Shi'ur] for a sample. (One puts it outside his window to show people what animal foods he has to sell.)

(Mishnah): If one was Motzi k'Grogeres of [human] food, he is liable; different foods join with each other because they have the same Shi'ur.

Shells, pits, stems, bran and coarse bran do not help comprise the Shi'ur;

R. Yehudah says, [inner] shells of lentil that are cooked with the lentils join.

(Gemara) Question: Bran and coarse bran do help comprise a Shi'ur!

(Mishnah): [If a dough was made with] more than a Kav and a quarter of flour, Chalah must be taken;

The bran and coarse bran are included for the Shi'ur.

Answer (Abaye): They are included regarding Chalah because an Oni does not remove them when making [flour to make] bread (but they do not join for Shabbos, since normally they are not eaten).

(Mishnah - R. Yehudah): Lentil shells join, for they are cooked with them.

Inference: Lentil shells join, but not bean shells.

Contradiction (Beraisa - R. Yehudah): ...Except for shells of lentils and beans.

Resolution: Shells of fresh beans join, shells of old beans do not join.

Question: Why don't shells of old beans join?

Answer (R. Avahu): This is because they [are black, they] looks like flies in the bowl [so people usually remove the shells].

(Mishnah): If one was Motzi any of the following [he is liable]:

Enough [raw, i.e. undiluted] wine to mix [with water] to comprise a cup (these Shi'urim will be explained), Kedai Gemi'ah (a gulp; alternatively, Malei Lugmav, the amount that one can hold in his mouth when one cheek sticks out) of milk, enough honey to put on Kasis (a wound on an animal's back or leg; Ritva - a wound on a person), enough oil to anoint a small limb, enough water to dissolve into Kilor (an ointment for the eye);

The Shi'ur for all other liquids, including waste water, is a Revi'is.

R. Shimon says, the Shi'ur for all liquids is a Revi'is [for most people] - all the [smaller] Shi'urim are for one who saves them.

(Gemara - Beraisa): The Mishnah refers to the amount of wine to mix a nice cup.

Question: What is this?

Answer: It is the Kos of Berachah (over which we say Birkas ha'Mazon).