(Rav Yehudah brei d'Rav Shmuel): The eulogy indicates whether or not the Mes is a Ben Olam ha'Ba (it is tearful and laudatory for a Ben Olam ha'Ba).

Question: If so, why did Rav tell Rav Shmuel bar Shilas 'When I die, strive to eulogize me to arouse people to cry'? (Surely Rav is a Ben Olam ha'Ba, they will cry in any case!)

Rav Yehudah meant, if people cry when aroused, this shows that the Mes is a Ben Olam ha'Ba; if not, he is not.

Abaye (to Rabah): [Almost] all of Pumbadisa hates you [because you rebuke them for deceit in money matters] - who will be aroused when you are eulogized?

Rabah: It suffices that you and Rabah bar Rav Chanan will be aroused.

Question (R. Elazar): Who is a Ben Olam ha'Ba?

Answer #1 (Rav): "V'Oznecha Tishmanah Davar me'Acharecha Leimor Zeh ha'Derech Lechu Vo..." (if after he dies, people say that we should follow in his path, he is a Ben Olam ha'Ba).

Answer #2 (R. Chanina): It is one who pleases his Rebbi'im.

(People of Galil): "V'Sovevu va'Shuk ha'Sofdim" - do things that people will retell before your casket (at your eulogy).

(People of Yehudah): "V'Sovevu va'Shuk ha'Sofdim" - do things that people will retell after your casket.

They do not argue - in Galil they eulogize before the casket, in Yehudah, after it.

(Mishnah - R. Eliezer): Repent one day before your death.

Question (Talmidim): One does not know when he will die!

Answer (R. Eliezer): Therefore one should repent today, lest he die tomorrow - this way, he repents every day - "B'Chol Es Yihyu Vegadecha Levanim v'Shemen Al Roshcha Al Yechsar".

(R. Yochanan ben Zakai): This is like a king who invited his servants to a feast, but he did not fix a time. The smart ones put on nice clothing and sat at the entrance to the palace, for the king does not lack anything (the feast may be at any moment). The foolish did their chores, thinking that it will take much time before a feast can be prepared.

Suddenly, the king asked them to come to the feast. The smart ones entered adorned nicely, the foolish ones entered with dirty clothing. The king was pleased by the smart ones - he let them eat and drink at the feast. He was angry at the foolish ones - he ordered that they stand and watch those enjoying the feast.

Objection (R. Meir): If so, [the foolish ones would not be ashamed in front of the invitees -] it appears that they are serving at the feast! (But a verse teaches that Resha'im will be embarrassed!)

Rather, both of them sit at the feast - the smart ones eat and drink, the foolish ones sit hungry and thirsty - "Hine Avadai Yochelu v'Atem Tir'avu Hine Avadai Yishtu v'Atem Titzma'u...; Hine Avadai Yaronu mi'Tuv Lev v'Atem Titz'aku mi'Ke'ev Lev".

Alternatively - "B'Chol Es Yihyu Vegadecha Levanim" refers to Tzitzis, "V'Shemen Al Roshcha Al Yechsar" refers to Tefilin.

(Mishnah): If one was on the road when Shabbos was about to come, he may give his wallet to a Nochri [before Shabbos, to take it home for him];

If no Nochri is around, he puts it on his donkey; when he reaches the outer gate [of the city], he removes from the donkey Kelim which may be moved on Shabbos, and unties the ropes [holding up sacks with Muktzeh], the sacks fall by themselves.

(Gemara) Question: [Normally, mid'Rabanan, one may not ask a Nochri to do Melachah on Shabbos -] why did Chachamim allow one to give his wallet to a Nochri [to take it home for him]?

Answer: Chachamim know that a person cannot control himself if he stands to lose much money - if we do not allow him a way to save it, he might carry it four Amos in Reshus ha'Rabim!

(Rava): This is permitted only for his wallet, not for a found object.

Objection: This is obvious - the Mishnah permits a wallet!

Answer: One might have thought, the same applies to a found object - the Mishnah discusses a wallet, for this is the usual case - Rava teaches that this is not so.

Version #1: A found object is forbidden only if he did not yet pick it up - but if he already picked it up, it is permitted like his wallet;

Version #2 - Question (Rava): What is the law regarding a found object that he already picked up?

Since he already picked it up, it is like his wallet;

Or, since he did not toil to acquire it, it is unlike his wallet (he is not frantic about losing it; he must leave it there, we are not concerned lest he carry it in Reshus ha'Rabim)!

This question is not resolved.

(Mishnah): If no Nochri is around [he puts it on his donkey].

Inference: If a Nochri is around he must give it to him [he may not put it on his own donkey].

Question: What is the reason?

Answer: He is commanded that his donkey rest, he is not commanded that the Nochri rest.

If a donkey, minor, lunatic and Cheresh (deaf person) are all available, he should put it on the donkey, not one of the others.

Question: What is the reason?

Answer: They are people (they can be confused with healthy adults, perhaps people will come to give to healthy adults), the donkey is not.

If only a minor, lunatic and Cheresh are available, he should give it to the lunatic (he has no understanding, not to one of the others).

Question: If only a minor and Cheresh are available, to whom should he give it?

We do not ask according to R. Eliezer (he never permits to give to a Cheresh);

(Beraisa - R. Elazar): [If a Cheresh was Torem (separated Terumah) to Metaken (permit) Tevel, one may not eat the Tevel until a healthy person is Metaken it; nevertheless,] the Chereh's Terumah may not be eaten like Chulin, because he is a Safek (doubtfully obligated in Mitzvos).

We ask according to Chachamim:

(Mishnah): Five types of people cannot Torem, even b'Diavad it is not Terumah - a Cheresh (he is definitely exempt from Mitzvos), lunatic, minor, one who does not own the produce, and a Nochri who is Torem to Metaken produce of a Yisrael, even with permission.

Perhaps we give to the Cheresh, [but not the minor,] because the minor will later be commanded to keep Mitzvos;

Or, perhaps we must give to the minor, for the Cheresh can be confused with a healthy adult!

Version #1 - Answer: We give to the Cheresh.

Version #2 - Answer: We give to the minor.

Question: If no Nochri, donkey, minor, lunatic and Cheresh is available, what should he do?

Answer (R. Yitzchak): Chachamim had another Heter, they did not want to reveal it.

Question: What is it?

Answer: He carries it less than four Amos at a time.

Question: Why didn't they want to reveal it?

Answer: "Kevod Elokim Hester Davar (one may cover up Halachos l'Shem Shomayim) u'Chvod Melachim Chakur Davar" (one should not cover up things on account of a person's honor or wealth).

Question: How does covering up this Halachah honor Hash-m?

Answer: [If one intends to carry less than four Amos at a time], he might [accidentally] carry four Amos at once in Reshus ha'Rabim.

(Beraisa - R. Eliezer): (Chachamim sought to bury Sefer Yechezkeil, for it [seemingly] contradicts the Torah; Chachamim gathered in the attic of Chananyah ben Chizkiyah and resolved the difficulties.) That day, [18 decrees were made - one was to forbid carrying less than four Amos at a time if a Nochri is around -] Chachamim made an ample fence for Torah.

R. Yehoshua says, that day Chachamim were too restrictive (people cannot abide by this decree, e.g. if they do not trust the Nochri, they may come to transgress Torah)!

(Beraisa): A parable for R. Eliezer's opinion - there was a box full of gourds; if one puts in mustard seeds, the box can hold them (they fall into the spaces - likewise, the additional decree was sound).

A parable for R. Yehoshua's opinion - there was a tub full of honey; if one puts in pomegranates and nuts, they will make the honey spill out (the loss far outweighs the anticipated gain).

(Mishnah): If no Nochri is around [he puts it on his donkey].

Question: This is Machemer [making an animal work] - but it says "Lo Sa'aseh Chol Melachah [...u'Vhemtecha]"!

Answer (Rav Ada bar Ahavah): One puts the wallet on while the donkey is walking (there was not an Akirah, it does not do a Melachah).

Question: Surely, it will stop to urinate or eliminate (when it resumes to walk, this is Akirah - there will be Hanachah the next time it stops, or at the end)!

Answer: One puts the wallet on while the donkey is walking, and removes it when it stops (and does not return it until it starts again - Rashi; Rambam - one senses when it is preparing to stop and removes it before it stops, so it will not even do Hanachah).

Question: It should be permitted even to put it on a Yisrael to carry this way! (We have no source to permit Reuven to carry Shimon's Muktzeh out of concern lest Shimon do a Melachah! Perhaps we ask why the Mishnah does not permit saving valuables that are not Muktzeh (e.g. a silver cup) in this way, or to carry Muktzeh in his mouth - PF.)

Answer (Rav Papa): Anything for which one is liable (if he does it entirely himself), if he does it with another person he is exempt, but it is forbidden;

Anything which one may not do with another person, but he is exempt for it, it is permitted to do so with a donkey.

(Rav Ada bar Ahavah): If one was carrying a load on his shoulder [from before Shabbos], he may run to his house [on Shabbos];

It is permitted only if he runs - he may not walk slowly.

Question: What is the reason?

Answer: [If he walks,] since he has no reminder [not to stop], he may inadvertently [stop, and thereby] do Akirah and Hanachah.

Question: When he reaches his house, he must stop momentarily to open the door - he is Machnis from Reshus ha'Rabim to Reshus ha'Yachid!

Answer: He throws it into the house in an awkward way [one is exempt for this; in this case it is permitted].

Version #1 (Rami bar Chama): If one is Mechamer (causes an animal to work) on Shabbos b'Shogeg, he is Chayav Chatas; b'Mezid he is stoned.

Question: What is the reason?

Answer #1 (Rabah): "Lo Sa'aseh Chol Melachah Ata ...u'Vhemtecha" - the Torah equates his animal to him;

Just like he is Chayav Chatas or stoning [if he does Melachah], the same applies to Mechamer.

Objection #1 (Rava): "Torah Achas Yihyeh Lachem la'Oseh bi'Shgagah" - the entire Torah is equated to idolatry;

Just like one is liable for idolatry for doing an act himself, the same applies to other Aveiros.

Objection #2 (Rava - Mishnah): If one was Mechalel Shabbos, and did something which is Chayav Chatas b'Shogeg [he is Chayav Skilah b'Mezid; Rashash - these last words are Rava's explanation of the Mishnah];

Inference: There is Chilul Shabbos for which one is not Chayav Chatas or Skilah!

Suggestion: This is Mechamer!

Answer #1: No - it is the Isur to leave the Techum - our Mishnah is like R. Akiva, who forbids this mid'Oraisa.

Answer #2: No - it is burning - our Mishnah is R. Yosi, who says that burning is only a Lav.