Explanation: We put the in the place of Pe'er (glory), for Tefilin are called Pe'er - "Lasum l'Aveilei Tziyon Lases Lahem Pe'er [Tachas Efer]."

Explanation: According to the opinion that it is for exile, this is fulfilled. According to the opinion that it is for publicity, this is not fulfilled, for in a Beis ha'Keneses is like in private.

Explanation: This is ashes from something that burned, from human bones, to commemorate Akeidas Yitzchak. (See the Note at the bottom of the previous Daf.)

If the only reason [for ashes] was to say "we are like ashes in front of you", Stam earth would help;

Support: This is why we say that they argue about Stam earth.

Assertion: This is the source for the custom everywhere to go to the cemetery n Tish'ah b'Av. Tish'ah b'Av is a Ta'anis Tzibur just like they used to have for [lack of] rain.

Opinion #1 (in the Gemara): Some say that this is Yerushalayim, which was called [so] due to Avraham, who called it "Har Hash-m Yera'eh."

It means as follows. Initially it was called Shalem - "u'Malki Tzedek Melech Shalem";

Afterwards, it was called Yerushalayim based on the name Yirah and the name Shalem. Therefore, we do not put a Yud in Yerushalayim between the Lamed and the Mem, for [it is] based on the name Shalem.

The mountain is called Moriyah based on the Torah, like it says "Ki mi'Tziyon Teztei Sorah", and "Yoru Mishpatecha l'Yakov", which refers to Lishkas ha'Gazis;

Explanation #1 (of opinion #2 in the Gemara): Ha'Moriyah is Sinai. It is called Moriyah because Mora (fear) came from it to Nochrim at the time of Matan Torah - "Eretz Yar'ah v'Shaktah";\h

Explanation #2 (of opinion #2 in the Gemara): Alternatively, Yerushalayim is called Moriyah because there, Nochrim have Mora due to its greatness, and they fear.

Explanation: This refers to a tall stature, so people will hear his words and accept from him to soften the heart;

"Pirko Na'eh" refers to when he came of age (matured). Even when he was a bachelor, he did not have ill repute.

Explanation: We begin to lengthen and say requests and supplications in the Berachah of Go'el Yisrael all.

However, it (Go'el Yisrael) is not amidst the extra Berachos on a fast, for they add only six.

Explanation (cont.): There is a reason for the closing of all the Berachos.

The first, Go'el Yisrael, is not counted. In it, we say "He who answered Avraham", for he was the first to be saved. He was saved from Nimrod.

In the second, which is the first of the six additions, we say "He who answered our fathers at Yam Suf", and close "Baruch Zocher ha'Bris." (It seems that this was Tosfos' text in the Mishnah. Mar'eh Kohen changes the text of Tosfos to read "Zocher ha'Nishkachos", like our text of the Mishnah.)

Therefore, we say it (Keri'as Yam Suf) in commemorations, because they were in Mitzrayim and despaired of redemption. Regarding this, it says "v'Ezkor Es Berisi."

Similarly, in the third, which is the second of the count [of additions, closes] "He who hears Teru'ah" like Yehoshua, who was answered in Yericho, i.e. when Yisrael were in Gilgal, [and blew] Shofaros;

He says "He who answered Yehoshua in Gilgal", because he was answered with Shofaros.

In the fourth, which is the third of the count, we say "He who answered Shmuel...";

Regarding Shmuel it says Tza'akah and Tefilah, and regarding Eliyahu it says Tefilah - "Aneini Hash-m Aneini", and we say in the Gemara [we close Shome'a] Tza'akah regarding Shmuel and [we close Shome'a] Tefilah regarding Eliyahu;

[In the Gemara] some say [that we close Shome'a] Tefilah regarding Shmuel and Tza'akah regarding Eliyahu, for it says Aneini regarding Eliyahu, which is Tza'akah. Shmuel in Mitzpah is like El Hash-m b'Tzarasah Li." Eliyahu in Har ha'Karmel corresponds to Esa Einai El he'Harim, and similarly regarding all of them [the closing relates to the addition].

Explanation #1: Al ha'Aretz pertains to David and Shlomo, for they prayed for the land - David regarding the angel of death in Arona's granary, and Shlomo in his Tefilah said "Ra'av Ki Yihyeh ba'Aretz."

Explanation #2: It is because they established the Beis ha'Mikdash in Eretz Yisrael.

Question: Why do we mention Yonah before David? David was earlier!

Answer: We want to conclude with Al ha'Aretz, like the Gemara explains.