1)

(a)R. Yehoshua rules that ...

1. ... the hat of a Tahor woman who is sitting on a bed together with a Nidah (see Tos. Yom-Tov) and ...

2. ... utensils that are tied to the top of the mast of a boat (that sways when one climbs it) - are both Tamei Medras ...

(b)... unlike the Tana in the previous Perek, who only confines that ruling to clothes, and who does not consider utensils on top of a mast, Tamei.

(c)The Halachah - is like the Tana in the earlier Mishnah (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

2)

(a)The Mishnah declares Tamei the clothes in a tub that is being carried by a Nidah (see Tos. Yom-Tov) - if the tub is heavy (otherwise, they remain Tahor [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(b)... because it is considered as if she was leaning on the clothes.

(c)A loaf of Terumah that falls off a firm ledge which has been struck by a Zav remains Tahor - because, since the striker did not move the ledge (and it was the vibrations that caused the loaf to fall), it is not considered Heset.

3)

(a)the Mishnah rules that a Marish, a Malbein, a Tzinor and a Daf that is knocked by a Zav - remain Tahor, even though a loaf that is on it falls off (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)Tzinor is a water-pipe and Daf, a board ...

1. ... Marish is - a large beam that is placed on top of columns, and that is meant to support smaller beams ...

2. ... Malbein - is a framework made of beams, that is arranged on the ground (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)The loaf remains Tahor even if the Malbein is only tied down with ropes, and not firmly fixed with nails.

4)

(a)And the same applies to all the items in the list beginning with Tanur, Yam - (a large wooden bowl into which the freshly-ground flour falls [see Tos. Yom-Tov]) & Itzrubel.

(b)It, and all the subsequent items - are made of wood.

(c)Itztrubel - is the circular base on which the mill stands.

5)

(a)The last two items in the Tana Kama's list are ...

1. ... Chamor shel Rechayim shel Yad - the wooden structure that houses the mill, and ...

2. ... Sa'ah shel Rechayim shel Zeisim - a large container that is fixed to the ground.

(b)These two items (as well as the previous two [Yam and Itzrubel]) - are both attached to the ground.

(c)R. Yossi adds Korah shel Balanim - (the beam on which the bath-house owner sits).

(d)The basis of their Machlokes is - whether the beam (which is not attached to the ground) is stable (R. Yossi) or not (the Tana Kama).

(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

6)

(a)Still in connection with the loaf that falls off, the Mishnah now lists a door, a Neger - the bolt attached to the inside of the door with which to bolt it, and a lock, which are knocked by a Zav.

(b)The Tana rules that in all the cases in this new list - the loaf is Tamei ...

(c)... because they all actually move when knocked.

7)

(a)The next four items on the list are an oar and a Keles - a large circular wooden frame that is placed round the lower mill-stone, to prevent the flour from scattering [see Tos. Yom-Tov] a tree and a branch.

(b)The Mishnah qualifies ...

1. ... the tree - as a weak one (that sways easily).

2. ... the branch - as weak one, even though it is growing on a strong tree.

3. ... the Egyptian ladder which follows - as one that is not fixed with a nail.

4. ... the ramp, the beam and the door, where he also rules Tamei - as one that is not cemented at either end.

(c)The last three items are Shidah, Teivah u'Migdol (a sedan-chair, a large box and a cupboard, respectively). The Tana Kama rules that the loaf is Tamei. R. Nechemyah and R. Shimon declare it - Tahor.

8)

(a)The Mishnah discusses five benches or Pundiyos - long purses (see Tos. Yom-Tov) on which a Zav is lying.

(b)The Tana declares them all ...

1. ... Tamei - if he is lying along their length but ...

2. ... Tahor - if he is lying across the width ...

(c)... because whereas, in the former case, each bench and purse bears the majority of his weight at some stage (see Tos. Yom-Tov & Chidushei Maharich), in the latter case none of them do.

(d)If he is sleeping however - they are all Tamei even in the latter case (since people tend to turn in their sleep).

(e)We learn from the Pasuk in Tazri'a "ve'Im al ha'Mishkav Hu" that - a Zav is only Metamei Mishkav if the object on which he is lying bears the majority of his weight (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

9)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a case where the Zav is lying across six chairs, his two arms on two of them, his two legs on another two, his head on a fifth one, and his body on the sixth. He declares Tamei - only the chair on which most of his body is lying.

(b)R. Shimon declares Tahor two chairs on which the Zav is standing - if they are far apart ...

(c)... because then, neither chair bears the majority of his weight (see Tiferes Yisrael).

(d)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.

10)

(a)The Mishnah rules that if a Zav sits atop a pile of ten ...

(b)... or a hundred cloaks - all of them are Tamei Moshav.

(c)And the same will apply if there is a large stone on top of the pile and he is sitting on top of the stone.

(d)This is called - Even Mesamei.

11)

(a)If a Zav and a Tahor person are sitting on opposite ends of a pair of scales, the latter become Tamei Moshav - if he weighs down the Zav.

(b)If the Zav weighs down the Tahor - the latter is Tamei Masa, but not Moshav.

(c)By Tum'as Mishkav/Moshav - the person becomes an Av ha'Tum'ah (who is Metamei the clothes he is wearing); whereas by Tum'as Masa - he becomes only a Rishon and is not Metamei the clothes he is wearing.

(d)According to R. Shimon, if it is a few people that weigh down the Zav - they do not become Tamei Moshav, because the majority of the Zav was not borne by any one of them (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(e)The Halachah is like the Chachamim.

12)

(a)If it is not a person that is in the other side of the scales, but food or drink - the latter becomes Tamei Heset, irrespective of which one weighs the other down (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)And if it is not a Zav, but a Meis (see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'u've'Meis 1&2) on one end of the scales, and on the other ...

1. ... food or drink, or any other object - the former is Tahor.

2. ... a Tahor person - he is Tamei.

(c)... because Tum'as Heset regarding anything other than a person is confined to a Zav (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

13)

(a)The difference between ten sheets on top of which a Zav is lying, and ten blankets that are on top of him is that - whereas in the latter case, the sheets all become Avos (to be Metamei Adam and the clothes that he is wearing), in the former, only the bottom blanket becomes an Av; all the others become a Rishon (to be Metamei food and drink, but not Adam ve'Keilim).

(b)Madaf means - a lighter Tum'ah, and it is said with reference to the former case that we just discussed.

(c)Some say that Madaf stems from the Pasuk in Bechukosai "Kol Aleh Nidaf". According to the Rambam, it is borrowed from the term Reicho Nodaf, implying that the smell of the Tum'ah spreads, but not the actual Tum'ah itself.

14)

(a)Tum'as Madaf applies to a Meis - that is Metamei Keilim that are lying on top of (or underneath) it, to be Metamei food and drink, but not Adam ve'Keilim.

(b)Despite the principle that Tum'as Meis goes straight (up and straight) down, a Tahor that is lying on top of a Meis will be more lenient than a Zav - in a case where the Tahor is lying in an attic, whose beams are sagging until they actually press on the Meis, which has been placed just below the ceiling where the Keilim remain Tahor (although a person would be Tamei [see Rashash & Mishnah Achronah]), unlike a Zav, where the Keilim are Tamei, and Metamei food and drink.

(c)And the same ruling will apply in the reverse case (where the Meis is in the attic and the beams are sagging on to the Keilim, which are piled up to the ceiling [whereas in the case of a Zav, the Keilim are Metamei Adam & Keilim there as well]).

15)

(a)The Tana Kama rule in a case of a Zav who is sitting on a bed which has a cloth under each of its four legs that - all the cloths are Tamei Medras ...

(b)... because since the bed cannot stand on three legs, each of the cloths is indispensable, it is as if each one is bearing the Zav's entire weight.

(c)According to R. Shimon - they are all Tahor (seeing as none of the cloths is actually bearing the majority of the Zav's weight, it transpires that each leg merely assists the other [Mesaye'a], and Mesaye'a is not considered significant] see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'Mipnei').

(d)In the equivalent case, but where the Zav is sitting astride a camel which has a cloth under each of three of its legs, the Mishnah unanimously rules that - they are all Tahor ...

(e)... for the same reason as R. Shimon in the previous ruling, because a camel, unlike a bed, is able to stand on three legs.

16)

(a)In the event that the cloths are placed underneath two of the camel's feet - the Mishnah declares them both Tamei (seeing as it cannot stand on two legs).

(b)Nor will it make any difference whether the cloths are placed underneath the forelegs ...

1. ... or the hind-legs, or ...

2. ... the forelegs or the hind-legs on the one hand, and one foreleg and one hind-leg on the other.

(c)According to R. Yossi however, if the two cloths are placed underneath ...

1. ... a horse's forelegs or ...

2. ... a donkeys hind-legs - they are Tahor (see Tos. Yom-Tov) ...

(d)... because a horse carries its weight on its hind legs, and a donkey, on its forelegs.

(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

17)

(a)The Tana now discusses the utensils that are inside the Akal Beis ha'Bad - a net-work basket, in which the remains of the pressed olives are re-pressed [see Tos. Yom-Tov]) if a Zav who is sitting on the beam that is placed on top of it.

(b)The Tana declares ...

1. ... the utensils that are inside the Ekel - Tamei, but ...

2. ... utensils that are placed underneath a clothes-press on which a Zav is sitting - Tahor ...

(c)... seeing as the person sitting at one end of the press does not exert any pressure on utensils that are underneath the other end (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)Rebbi Nechemyah disagrees with the latter ruling - because, he argues, even if the Zav is sitting at one end of the press, it is impossible for him not to exert some pressure on the olives at the other end (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.