(a)The Mishnah now discusses someone who is touching a Zav or moving him, or vice-versa, and who, at the same time, is touching or carrying food or drink or K'lei Shetef. What are K'lei Shetef? Why are they called by that name (see Tiferes Yisrael)?
(b)What does this list preclude?
(c)What is the Din regarding someone who is touching a Zav and simultaneously ...
1. ... food or drink?
2. ... K'lei Shetef?
(d)And what if he is ...
1. ... not touching, but moving a Zav and touching food or drink or K'lei Shetef at the same time?
2. ... touching or moving a Zav and simultaneously carrying food or drink or K'lei Shetef?
1)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses someone who is touching a Zav or moving him, or vice-versa, and who, at the same time, is touching or carrying food or drink or K'lei Shetef - wooden or metal utensils, so called because of the Pasuk, "ve'Shataf ba'Mayim" [meaning that they require Tevilah] see also Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'u'K'lei Shetef be'Maga') ...
(b)... to preclude earthenware utensils, which are not subject to Tevilah.
(c)Someone who is touching a Zav and simultaneously ...
1. ... food or drink or ...
2. ... K'lei Shetef - renders them Tamei.
(d)If he is ...
1. ... not touching, but moving a Zav and touching food or drink or K'lei Shetef at the same time - the same ruling applies, but not if he is ...
2. ... touching or moving a Zav and simultaneously carrying (but not actually touching) food or drink or K'lei Shetef.
2)
(a)All the above cases that are Tamei, we learn from the extra word "ve'Tamei" (in the Pasuk "ve'Ish asher Yiga be'Mishkavo, Yechabes Begadav ve'Rachatz ba'Mayim *ve'Tamei*", written in connection with Zav in Parshas Metzora). What do we learn from ...
1. ... the word "Begadav"?
2. ... the words "ve'Ish asher Yiga be'Mishkavo" that precede it?
(b)As we just explained, the Pasuk is actually talking about the clothes that the person is wearing whilst touching the Zav. What principle does R. Yehoshua present with regard to anyone who is Metamei the clothes he is wearing whilst touching a Zav?
(c)What else does the principle incorporate, other than a Zav and a Zavah?
2)
(a)All the above cases that are Tamei, we learn from the extra word "ve'Tamei"(in the Pasuk "ve'Ish Asher Yiga be'Mishkavo, Yechabes Begadav ve'Rachatz ba'Mayim *ve'Tamei*" (written in connection with Zav in Parshas Metzora). From ...
1. ... the word "Begadav", we learn that - Adam and K'lei Cheres remain Tahor.
2. ... the words "ve'Ish asher Yiga be'Mishkavo" that precede it that - once the Tahor breaks contact with the Zav, he is no longer Metamei the clothes that he subsequently wears (in which case the current rulings do not apply either, as we will now see).
(b)As we just explained, the Pasuk is actually talking about the clothes that the person is wearing whilst touching the Zav. R. Yehoshua presents the principle that whoever (see Tos. Yom-Tov) is Metamei the clothes he is wearing whilst touching a Zav - renders food and drink that he touches, a Rishon.
(c)Other than a Zav and a Zavah, the principle also incorporates - a Yoledes and a Metzora, as well as their Ma'yanos (liquids) and their Mishkav & Moshav (what they lay or sat on).
3)
(a)What is the basis of the current principle? What is the status of the Tahor who is touching the Zav?
(b)From where does R. Yehoshua learn the principle?
(c)What does he say about the hands of a person that the Tahor touches whilst touching a Zav?
3)
(a)The basis of the current principle is - the fact that as long as a Tahor is touching the Zav - he is an Av ha'Tum'ah (see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'Metamei Ochlin') ...
(b)... and R. Yehoshua learns it - from the fact that he is Metamei the clothes that he is wearing.
(c)He declares the hands of a person that the Tahor touches whilst touching a Zav - Sheni'im le'Tum'ah.
4)
(a)What does the status of the person become when he stops touching the Zav?
(b)What will the Din then be, if he touches ...
1. ... liquid?
2. ... food or somebody's hands?
3. ... clothes that he subsequently wears?
(c)One of the reasons the Chachamim were more stringent with regard to liquids in this regard than to solids is because they are more prone to receive Tum'ah than solids. What is the other?
(d)Why did they decree that all liquids should be a Rishon?
4)
(a)When the person stops touching the Zav - he becomes a Rishon le'Tum'ah.
(b)If he then touches ...
1. ... liquid, it becomes - a Rishon.
2. ... food or somebody's hands, they become - Sheniyim.
3. ... clothes that he subsequently wears - remain Tahor.
(c)The Chachamim were more stringent with regard to liquids in this regard than to solids a. because they are more prone to receive Tum'ah and b. - because, unlike food, they are subject to Tum'ah even without becoming Muchshar Lekabeil Tum'ah.
(d)They decreed that all liquids should be a Rishon - because of the liquid of a Sheretz, which is a Rishon le'Tum'ah min ha'Torah.
Mishnah 2
5)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses an additional principle that differentiates between something that a Zav carries and something that carries a Zav. On what condition is the former Tamei, and the latter, Tahor?
(b)To which category does Adam belong?
(c)How does the Tana learn the earlier ruling from the Pasuk in Metzora "ve'ha'No'gea be'Chol asher Yih'yeh Tachtav"?
(d)Why does he not explain the Pasuk literally?
5)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses an additional principle that differentiates between something that a Zav carries and something that carries a Zav, where the former is Tamei, and the latter, Tahor (see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 've'Chol') - provided it is something that is not meant for lying or sitting on (Mishkav u'Moshav [see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'Chutz' & DH 'Kol ha'Nisa']).
(b)Adam has the same Din as Mishkav u'Moshav and is Tamei even via Even Mesamei (See Tiferes Yisrael).
(c)The Tana learns the earlier ruling from the Pasuk in Metzora "ve'ha'No'gea be'Chol asher Yih'yeh Tachtav" - inverting the phrase to read " ... be'Chol asher Yih'yeh ha'Zav Tachtav" ...
(d)... because if the Pasuk were to be understood literally - that would be Mishkav, which the Torah mentions independently.
6)
(a)What is an example of something that carries a Zav that is Tahor?
(b)How does the Tana learn it from the Pasuk there "ve'ha'Yoshev al ha'K'li asher Yeishev alav ha'Zav Yitma"?
(c)What is the significance of Amod ve'Na'aseh Melachteinu?
6)
(a)An example of something that carries a Zav that is Tahor is - a Sa'ah (a container for measuring or for storing flour and suchlike) that a Zav turned upside-down and sat on.
(b)The Tana learns it from the Pasuk there "ve'ha'Yoshev al ha'K'li asher Yeishev alav ha'Zav Yitma" - implying that the object is made to be sat on.
(c)Amod ve'Na'aseh Melachteinu - refers to utensils such as a Sa'ah, which are used temporarily for sitting on, but which one is obligated to vacate when the owner states 'Get up and let us do our work!'
7)
(a)What does the Tana mean when he says in a case where a Zav places his finger underneath a row of bricks in a wall, that the Tahor person on top of the wall is Metamei Shetayim u'Posel Echad?
(b)What changes, in the event that the Tahor descends from the wall?
(c)What will be the Din if, instead of a person sitting on top of the wall, it is ...
1. ... food or drink, or a bed or a chair?
2. ... other objects?
(d)What will their status be after they have been removed from the wall?
7)
(a)When, in a case where a Zav places his finger (see Tos. Yom-Tov) underneath a row of bricks in a wall, the Tana rules that the Tahor person on top of the wall is Metamei Shetayim u'Posel Echad he means that - he is an Av ha'Tum'ah, who renders Tamei a Rishon and a Sheini, and Pasul a Sh'lishi regarding Terumah.
(b)In the event that the Tahor descends from the wall - he will become a Rishon le'Tum'ah, which can only render *food* a Sheini.
(c)If, instead of a person sitting on top of the wall, it is ...
1. ... food or drink, or a bed or a chair, or ...
2. ... other objects (Madaf) - they become a Rishon (see Tos. Yom-Tov) ...
(d)... and the same will apply after they have been removed from the wall.
8)
(a)Which of the above remain Tahor, in the reverse case (if it is the Zav's finger that is on top of the wall, and they that are underneath the row of bricks)?
(b)And what will be the status of Mishkav & Moshav under the same circumstances ...
1. ... as long as they finger is still on top of the row of bricks?
2. ... once they have been removed?
8)
(a)In the reverse case (if it is the Zav's finger that is on top of the wall, and they that are underneath the row of bricks) - then food, drink & Madaf remain Tahor.
(b)Mishkav & Moshav under the same circumstances - will be an Av ha'Tum'ah irrespective of whether ...
1. ... they are still on top of the row of bricks or ...
2. ... whether they have been removed (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
Mishnah 3
9)
(a)The Mishnah bases part of the above ruling (see Tos. Yom-Tov & Tiferes Yisrael) on the principle Kol ha'Nosei ve'Nisa al-Gabei Mishkav, Tahor. What does this mean?
(b)On what condition is it Tahor?
(c)What is the one exception?
(d)What if the person ...
1. ... does not move the Mishkav ha'Zav?
2. ... is sitting atop an Even Mesamei that is placed on top of the Mishkav?
9)
(a)The Mishnah bases part of the above ruling (see Tos. Yom-Tov & Tiferes Yisrael) on the principle Kol ha'Nosei ve'Nisa al-Gabei Mishkav, Tahor, which means - Whatever carries or is carried by the Mishkav of a Zav remains Tahor ...
(b)... provided it is not actually touching it (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(c)The one exception is - Adam (see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'Chutz min ha'Meisit').
(d)... who becomes an Av ha'Tum'ah, even if he ...
1. ... does not move the Mishkav ha'Zav, and even if he ...
2. ... is sitting atop an Even Mesamei that is placed on top of the Mishkav (just like a Zav sitting atop an Even Mesamei is Metamei whatever is placed underneath it [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).
10)
(a)The Tana Kama presents the same principle with regard to Neveilah (Kol ha'Nosei ve'Nitan [see Tos. Yom-Tov] ... ), with one exception. What does Kol refer to?
(b)What is the sole exception?
(c)R. Eliezer says 'Af ha'Nosei', suggesting that he is more stringent than the Tana Kama. What does he really mean to say?
(d)Like whom is the Halachah?
10)
(a)The Tana Kama presents the same principle with regard to Neveilah, with one exception. Kol refers - exclusively to Adam.
(b)The sole exception is - Meisit (where he moves it).
(c)R. Eliezer says 'Af ha'Nosei', suggesting that he is more stringent than the Tana Kama. What he really mean to say is - even Meisit is only Tamei if *he* is carrying *it*, but not if it is underneath him.
(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.
11)
(a)And the Mishnah repeats the principle with regard to Meis. One of the two exceptions (which are Tamei) is Ma'ahil. How is it possible for Nosei ve'Nisa to be Meisit without being Ma'ahil?
(b)The other exception is Adam. On what condition does Adam Nosei ve'Nisa become Tamei?
11)
(a)And the Mishnah repeats the principle with regard to Meis. One of the two exceptions (which are Tamei) is Ma'ahil. It is possible for Nosei ve'Nisa to be Meisit without being Ma'ahil - if the Meis is in a sagging attic and the food, drink or Madaf are piled up to the ceiling in the room below, or vice-versa (as we explained in the previous Perek).
(b)The other exception is Adam 'Nosei ve'Nisa', who becomes Tamei - provided he moves the Meis (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
Mishnah 4
12)
(a)What does the Mishnah say about a case where the Tahor is carrying part of the Zav, or vice-versa?
(b)What does part mean?
(c)And the same applies to Chiburei Tamei or Chiburei Tahor. What is Chiburei Tamei/Tahor?
(d)In which case is a majority of the Zav required?
12)
(a)The Mishnah declares Tamei, a Tahor who is carrying part of the Zav, or vice-versa ...
(b)... even if it only the finger that he is carrying.
(c)And the same applies to Chiburei Tamei or Chiburei Tahor - (such as his hair, nails or teeth).
(d)It is only with regard to Mishkav that a majority of the Zav's body is required.
13)
(a)Which of the above rulings does R. Shimon qualify?
(b)Like whom is the Halachah?
13)
(a)R. Shimon qualifies - the basic ruling, confining it to the Tahor carrying the Zav, but if it is the Zav who is carrying the Tahor, the latter remains Tahor, unless he carries the majority of him.
(b)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.
Mishnah 5
14)
(a)What distinction does the Mishnah draw between ...
1. ... a Zav who is lying on part of a bed, and part of the Zav who is lying on a bed?
2. ... a Tahor who is lying on part of a Mishkav ha'Zav, and part of the Tahor who is lying on a Mishkav ha'Zav?
(b)What does part of mean?
(c)What observation does the Tana make with regard to Mishkav ha'Zav?
14)
(a)The Mishnah rules that if ...
1. ... a Zav is lying on part of a bed - it is Tamei (see Tos. Yom-Tov), but if part of the Zav is lying on it, it remains Tahor.
2. ... a Tahor is lying on part of a Mishkav ha'Zav - he is Tamei, but if part of the Tahor is lying on the Mishkav ha'Zav, he remains Tahor.
(b)Part of means - the minority.
(c)The Tana observes that Mishkav ha'Zav - can both become Tamei and be Metamei others via a minority of it (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
15)
(a)The Tana continues 'And likewise, a loaf of Terumah that is placed atop a Mishkav remains Tahor ... '. On what condition does it remain Tahor?
(b)Is he speaking where the loaf is on top of the Mishkav or where the Mishkav is on top of the loaf?
(c)What is the Tana referring to when he says 'And likewise'?
(d)On what principle is the ruling based?
15)
(a)The Tana continues 'And likewise, a loaf of Terumah that is placed atop a Mishkav remains Tahor ... ' - provided there is something, even if it just a piece of paper, that divides between them.
(b)The current ruling will apply - irrespective of whether the loaf is on top of the Mishkav or the Mishkav on top of the loaf.
(c)When the Tana says 'And likewise' - he is referring to the Din that we learned earlier 'Kol ha'Nosei ve'Nisa al-Gabei ha'Zav, Tahor'.
(d)The ruling is based on the principle that - anything that is not alive is not subject to Tum'as Heset (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
16)
(a)What Does the Tana Kama say about a brick that is stricken with Tzara'as?
(b)R. Shimon disagrees. What is R. Shimon's reason?
(c)Like whom is the Halachah?
16)
(a)The Tana Kama - extends the above ruling to a brick that is stricken with Tzara'as.
(b)R. Shimon maintains that, since its very location is Tamei - it is Metamei be'Heset even things that are not alive.
(c)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.
Mishnah 6
17)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses someone who is touching a Zav, a Zavah, a Nidah, a Yoledes, or a Metzora. What other two items does the Tana list?
(b)What do all seven items have in common (before the Tana mentions them)?
(c)What ruling does the Tana now issue regarding them?
17)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses someone who is touching a Zav, a Zavah, a Nidah, a Yoledes, or a Metzora - or the Mishkav or Moshav of a Zav.
(b)Before the Tana mentions them - all seven items are Metamei Adam together with the clothes that he is wearing.
(c)The Tana now rules that - they are all Metamei two (a Rishon which makes a Sheini [see Tos. Yom-Tov) and render one Pasul (a Sh'lishi regarding Terumah).
18)
(a)What changes once the Tahor separates from the above items?
(b)Assuming that the above pertains to Noge'a (touching), what will be the Din in a case of Meisit, Nosei and Nisa?
(c)The current Halachos are written explicitly by Zav, Zavah and Nidah ("Zos Toras ha'Zav ... ve'ha'Davah be'Nidasah"). What do we learn from the word ...
1. ... "la'Zachar"?
2. ... "ve'la'Nekeivah"?
18)
(a)Once the Tahor separates from the above items - he becomes a Rishon, and is only Metamei one and Posel one.
(b)The above pertains to Noge'a (touching) - as well as to Meisit (see Tos. Yom-Tov), Nosei and Nisa.
(c)The current Halachos are written explicitly by Zav, Zavah and Nidah ("Zos Toras ha'Zav ... ve'ha'Davah be'Nidasah"). The word ...
1. ... "la'Zachar" - includes a Metzora, and ...
2. ... "ve'la'Nekeivah" - a Yoledes (see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'u'va'Metzora'.
Mishnah 7
19)
(a)What does the Tana now say about the Zivus, the spit, the semen and the urine of a Zav? What do they all have in common?
(b)Which other item does he incorporate in this list?
(c)If the previous Mishnah applied to Noge'a, Meisit, Nosei and Nisa, to which two of them does this Mishnah apply?
(d)What does R. Eliezer mean when he says 'Af ha'Nosei'?
19)
(a)The Tana now declares the Zivus, the spit, the semen and the urine of a Zov - Metamei Shenayim u'Poseil Echad.
(b)The other item in this list is - the blood of a Nidah.
(c)The previous Mishnah applied to Noge'a, Meisit, Nosei and Nisa, this Mishnah - to Nogei'a and Meisit.
(d)When R. Eliezer says 'Af ha'Nosei', he means that - Meisit is only Metamei if he carries the Tum'ah (but not if he moves it from the side [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).
Mishnah 8
20)
(a)The Tana draws the same distinction between during contact and after contact that he made in the previous cases, with regard to Merkav, Neveilah and Mei Chatas. Which of the two forms of contact that applied in the previous case does not apply to Merkav?
(b)What is the Tana referring to when he says in this regard 'ha'Nosei es ha'Neveilah'?
(c)What is the difference between someone who carries Neveilah and someone who touches Merkav or Neveilah?
20)
(a)The Tana draws the same distinction between during contact and after contact that he made in the previous cases, with regard to Merkav, Neveilah and Mei Chatas. The form of contact that applied in the previous case but does not apply to Merkav is - Noge'a (see also Tos. Yom-Tov).
(b)When the Tana says in this regard 'ha'Nosei es ha'Neveilah', he really means - ha'Meisit (since Nosei Neveilah alone does not become Tamei).
(c)The difference between someone who carries Neveilah and someone who touches Merkav or Neveilah is that - whereas the former remains Tahor, the latter become a Rishon, and are Metamei Echad u'Posel Echad.
21)
(a)On what condition is Mei Chatas Metamei Shenayim u'Posel Echad?
(b)To which method of contact does the Mishnah refer?
21)
(a)Mei Chatas is Metamei Shenayim u'Posel Echad - provided it has the minimum Shi'ur Haza'ah.
(b)The Mishnah is referring to - Masa (but not to Maga).
Mishnah 9
22)
(a)On what condition does the Mishnah declare someone who eats a piece of Nivlas Of Tahor Metamei Shenayim u'Posel Echad?
(b)If he sticks his head inside an earthenware oven, what is the status of the oven and all that is inside it?
(c)Why is that?
(d)And what is the status of the person himself ...
1. ... once he vomits the Nivlas Of Tamei out?
2. ... after he has swallowed it?
3. ... before he swallows it?
(e)What do we learn the Pasuk in Emor (in connection with Nivlas Of Tahor) "Lo Ye'achel"?
22)
(a)The Mishnah declares someone who eats a piece of Nivlas Of Tahor Metamei Shenayim u'Posel Echad' - as long as it is in his throat (in the process of being swallowed).
(b)But if he sticks his head inside an earthenware oven, the oven and all that is inside it - remains Tahor (see Tos. Yom-Tov) ...
(c)... because whoever is Metamei the clothes that he is wearing is not Metamei Adam or K'lei Cheres (See Tos. Yom-Tov).
(d)The person himself ...
1. ... once he vomits the Nivlas Of Tamei out - is Metamei Echad u'Posel Echad (a Rishon), and so is he ...
2. ... after he has swallowed it.
3. ... before he swallows it - is Tahor.
(e)We learn from the Pasuk in Emor "Lo Ye'achel" that - Nivlas Of Tahor is only Metamei Adam le'Tamei Begadim whilst it is in the process of being swallowed.
Mishnah 10
23)
(a)What status does the Mishnah attribute to someone who touches a Sheretz, semen or a T'mei Meis?
(b)At which stage does a Metzora fall under this category?
(c)What does the Tana say about Mei Chatas that does not have the minimum Shi'ur Haza'ah, Neveilah and Merkav?
(d)In what way do the items in the latter list differ from those in the former list?
23)
(a)The Mishnah declares someone who touches a Sheretz, semen or a T'mei Meis - a Rishon le'Tum'ah.
(b)A Metzora falls under this category - during the days of his counting (the seven days between the first shaving and the second, that take place during his purification period).
(c)The Tana includes in this list - Mei Chatas that does not have the minimum Shi'ur Haza'ah (see Tos. Yom-Tov), Neveilah and Merkav ...
(d)... though these items differ from those in the former list - inasmuch as they are only Metamei the clothes that the person is wearing through Masa, but not through Maga.
24)
(a)What principle does the Mishnah present in connection with whatever touches an Av ha'Tum'ah?
(b)What does 'whatever' incorporate? What is the exception?
(c)On what condition does Adam adopt the same status as the others?
24)
(a)The principle the Mishnah present is that Whatever touches an Av ha'Tum'ah - is Metamei Echad u'Posel Echad.
(b)'Whatever' incorporates food and Keilim (including utensils & clothes [see Tos. Yom-Tov]); the exception is Adam, who is sometimes Metamei Shenayim u'Posel Echad (as we learned above).
(c)Adam adopts the same status as the others however - once he separates from the source of Tum'ah.
Mishnah 11
25)
(a)What does the Mishnah mean when it says ...
1. ... 'Ba'al Keri ke'Maga Sheretz'?
2. ... 'Bo'el Nidah ke'Temei Meis'?
(b)What Chumra does a Bo'el Nidah have over a T'mei Meis'?
(c)What do we learn from the Pasuk in Metzora "ve'Chol ha'Keli asher Yeishev Alav ha'Zav"?
25)
(a)When the Mishnah states ...
1. ... 'Ba'al Keri ke'Maga Sheretz', he means that - a Ba'al Keri is merely a Rishon (like someone who touches Zera (see Tos. Yom-Tov), whereas a ...
2. ... Bo'el Nidah is an Av ha'Tum'ah, like a T'mei Meis, and is Metamei for seven days (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(b)The Chumra of a Bo'el Nidah over a T'mei Meis' is that - he is Metamei Mishkav (like a Zav), which even a Meis is not (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(c)We learn from the Pasuk in Metzora "ve'Chol ha'Keli asher Yeishev alav ha'Zav" that - only a Zav is Metamei Tum'as Mishkav u'Moshav, but not a T'mei Meis.
Mishnah 12
26)
(a)The Mishnah presents a list that begins with someone who eats a food that is a Rishon or that is a Sheini, and someone who drinks Tamei liquid. What do they all have in common? To which category of Tum'ah do they belong?
(b)What is the source for this? On which occasion were they decreed?
(c)The next on the list is someone who enters into a gathering of drawn water. When does he do this? How much of him must enter the water to become Tamei?
(d)Why did the Rabbanan decree Tum'ah on him?
26)
(a)The Mishnah presents a list that begins with someone who eats a food that is a Rishon or that is a Sheini, and someone who drinks Tamei liquid - and which all render Terumah Pasul, since they are all a Sheini le'Tum'ah ...
(b)... which the Rabbanan decreed among the eighteen things (ythat the Mishnah lists in Shabbos).
(c)The next on the list is someone who enters into a gathering of drawn water - after having Toveled, with his head and most of his body (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(d)The Rabbanan decreed Tum'ah on him - because, due to the repugnant smell of the dank water of the Mikvah, they would subsequently pour clean water over themselves. And it was when people began to think that it was the latter that rendered them Tahor that Chazal issues the decree.
27)
(a)Which similar case follows? How much water is needed to render him Tamei?
(b)Why did the Rabbanan decree Tum'ah in this case?
(c)They also decreed Tum'ah on a Seifer, on S'tam Yadayim and on a T'vul Yom. Why did they decree on Sefarim?
(d)What does 'Sefarim' incorporate?
27)
(a)The similar case that follows is - that of a Tahor on whose head three Lugin of drawn water fell.
(b)The Rabbanan decreed Tum'ah in this case - to safeguard the pervious one (which otherwise people would not take seriously).
(c)They also decreed Tum'ah on Sefarim, on S'tam Yadayim and on a T'vul Yom; on Sefarim - because the Kohanim used to place their Terumah next to Sefarim, seeing as they were both holy. When the Chachamim saw that the mice began eating the Sefarim together with the Terumah, they decreed Tum'ah on Sefarim (forcing the Kohanim to stop that practice).
(d)'Sefarim' incorporates - all Sifrei Kodesh.
28)
(a)The last two items on the list are food and Keilim. On what condition do they belong on the list?
(b)Which of the above is the odd man out? Why does it not belong on the list?
(c)Why did Chazal declare liquid that touched a Sheini, a Rishon (to be Metamei food)?
(d)Why did they not extend the decree to food?
28)
(a)The last two items on the list are food and Keilim - which became Tamei through Tamei liquid.
(b)The odd man out is - T'vul-Yom, who is Tamei (a Sheini) mi'd'Oraysa.
(c)Chazal declared liquid that touched a Sheini, a Rishon (to be Metamei food) - on account of liquid that touched a Sheretz (which is a Rishon d'Oraysa).
(d)They did not extend the decree to food - because, unlike liquid, which easily becomes Tamei, food first requires a Hechsher through liquid.
29)
(a)What is the status, min ha'Torah, of utensils that touch liquid that touched a Sheretz? Why is that?
(b)So why did Chazal decree a Din Sheini on Keilim that touched even liquid that touched only S'tam Yadayim?
29)
(a)min ha'Torah, utensils that touch liquid that touched a Sheretz - remain Tahor, because Adam ve'Keilim are only subject to Tum'ah from an Av ha'Tum'ah.
(b)Yet Chazal decreed a Din Sheini on Keilim that touched even liquid that touched only S'tam Yadayim - on account of the liquids of a Zav and Zavah (their spit and their urine), which are Avos, and which are Metamei Keilim min ha'Torah.
