[54a - 51 lines; 54b - 48 lines]

1)[line 1]בנתקעB'NISKA- struck

2)[line 3]בארבעה דבריםB'ARBA'AH DEVARIM (CHOVEL)

(a)A person who wounds his fellow Jew is obligated to pay five payments, i.e. four payments in addition to Nezek, which one must always pay for damages. The five payments are:

1.NEZEK (Damages) - If one causes damage to the person of a fellow Jew, such as blinding his eye, cutting off his hand or breaking his foot, Beis Din assesses the damages that he caused based on the depreciation such damages would cause to a slave on the slave market.

2.TZA'AR (Pain) - The payment for pain inflicted is evaluated as the amount that the injured person would be ready to pay to have the identical injury inflicted in a painless manner (Bava Kama 85a). Pain payments are due even if no other damage (other than the pain) was inflicted - for example, if one person burned another's fingernail without causing a wound (Mishnah, ibid.). The amount of this payment ultimately depends upon the physical and financial situation of the injured person (RAMBAM Hilchos Chovel u'Mazik 2:9).

3.RIPUY (Medical expenses) - He must pay all medical costs until the injured person heals completely from his wounds.

4.SHEVES (Unemployment) - He must pay unemployment for the duration of the injured person's recovery. Sheves is evaluated as if the injured person is protecting a pumpkin patch from birds, a job that requires only minimal exertion and can be accomplished even by an invalid. (The money that the injured person loses due to his permanent handicap, though, is covered by the Nezek payment.)

5.BOSHES (Shame) - Boshes is evaluated based on the status of the person who caused the embarrassment and the status of person who was embarrassed. The shame caused by an undignified person is greater and so is shame caused to a dignified person (Bava Kama 8:1)

(b)The first four of the above-mentioned payments apply even if the person caused the injury unintentionally (as in the case of Niska in our Gemara). Boshes only applies if the injury was inflicted intentionally.

3)[line 26]במתנמנםB'MISNAMNEM- while he was dozing (he does acquire the Yevamah)

4a)[line 27]נים ולא ניםNIM V'LO NIM- dozing, but not dozing

b)[line 27]תיר ולא תירTIR V'LO TIR- awake, but not awake

5)[line 27]דקרו ליה ועניD'KARU LEI V'ANI- they call him and he answers

6)[line 28]ולא ידע לאהדורי סבראV'LO YADA L'AHADUREI SEVARA- but he is unable to answer a question that requires contemplative thought

7)[line 28]וכי מדכרו ליה מדכרV'CHI MADKERU LEI, MIDKAR- and when they remind him [about what he heard], he remembers

8)[line 34]להטיח בכותלL'HATI'ACH BA'KOSEL- to discharge semen onto a wall, i.e. in vain, without intent for relations

9)[line 37]"ואיש אשר ישכב את אשה דוה""V'ISH ASHER YISHKAV ES ISHAH DAVAH..."- "And if a man shall lie with a Nidah, and shall uncover her nakedness; he has made naked her fountain..." (Vayikra 20:18) - The word He'erah (to make naked) is used to prove that there is a Chiyuv for Ha'ara'ah alone.

10)[line 39]מטמאה את בועלהMETAM'AH ES BO'ALAH (BO'EL NIDAH)

A man who has relations with a Nidah becomes Tamei for seven days, like the Nidah herself. His laws of Tum'ah, however, are less stringent. The objects he touches, as well as Tachtono, the objects underneath him, have the same status as the objects above a Nidah, namely, Rishon l'Tum'ah, as it states in Vayikra 15:24 (see Nidah 33a, and Charts to Nidah 33:8b). After seven days, he immerses in a Mikvah during the day to complete his purification process.

11)[line 42]שכן בידו לרבותSHE'KEN B'YADO L'RABOS- he [can marry many women and] is able to multiply [the number of women who are forbidden to his brothers because of Eshes Ach]

12)[line 42]כי אלפאKI ALFA- around a thousand

13)[line 45]איסור הבא מאליוISUR HA'BA ME'ELAV- a prohibition that comes on its own (and not through marriage)

14)[line 46]משום שארMISHUM SHE'ER- because of a blood relation

15)[line 50]אטו נדה ואשת אח בחיי אוסרן הוא דאין להם היתרATU NIDAH V'ESHES ACH, B'CHAYEI OSRAN HU D'EIN LAHEN HETER- this connotes that a Nidah and Eshes Ach are forbidden in the life of the Oser, and afterwards they are permitted. A Nidah is Teme'ah for seven days even after the blood stops, and Eshes Ach is forbidden even after he dies (if he died with children! Rav Acha brei d'Rav Ika's objection is valid, just his words are misleading - Ritva.)

54b----------------------------------------54b

16)[line 22]בזכורB'ZACHUR- a male

17)[line 28]"ערות אחות אביך לא תגלה""ERVAS ACHOS AVICHA LO SEGALEH..."- "You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father's sister; she is your father's blood relation." (Vayikra 18:12)

18)[line 31]או כלך לדרך זוO KALECH L'DERECH ZU- or perhaps turn this way, i.e. argue the following

19)[line 38]יש לה חייסYESH LAH CHAYIS- she is related to her nephew through his father and is part of his father's family (according to the Torah, one's lineage follows the line of the father, and the father's family is called "Mishpachto" - one's true family)

20)[line 39]שכן ודאיתSHE'KEN VADA'IS- she is definite[ly related to her nephew, since she is the sister of his mother. The possibility exists that he is the son of another man, other than the man who is thought to be his father.]