1)

MUST ONE HOLD THE LULAV ITSELF? [Lulav: Chatzitzah]

(a)

Gemara

1.

(Mishnah): If one offered Kodshim with the Eimurim attached, he is liable.

2.

Question: Why is he liable? The meat is a Chatzitzah (between the Eimurim and the wood on which he burns them!)

3.

Answer (Rav): Min b'Mino (the same species, i.e. also the Eimurim are meat) is not a Chatzitzah.

4.

Sukah 37b - Rabah (to people who prepared the Reish Galusa's Lulav bundle): Do not totally cover it. Leave a place uncovered for him to hold it, lest it be a Chatzitzah.

5.

(Rava): Anything to beautify is not a Chatzitzah.

6.

(Rabah): One may not hold the Lulav through a cloth. We require 'Lekichah Tamah' (taking without interruption).

7.

(Rava): Taking through (holding) something else is called taking.

8.

Support #1 (Rava, for himself - Mishnah): If the Ezov (hyssop) was too short (to dip in the water with ashes of the Parah Adumah), one holds it through a string or stick and immerses it, and holds it and sprinkles.

i.

Question: It says "he will take... and immerse"!

ii.

Answer: This shows that taking through something else is called taking.

9.

Rebuttal: Perhaps there is different. Since he attached (the strong or stick), it is like the Ezov itself.

10.

Support #2 (Rava, for himself - Mishnah): If the ashes fell from a tube to the water, they were not Mekadesh it.

i.

Inference: If he cast them into the water, he was Mekadesh the water.

ii.

Question: It says "he will take (ashes)... and put (on the water)"!

iii.

Answer: Taking through something else is called taking.

11.

(Rabah): One may not insert the Lulav into the bundle (myrtle and willow branches tied together), lest he uproot leaves, and they will be a Chatzitzah.

12.

(Rava): Min b'Mino is not a Chatzitzah.

13.

42a (Rava): If one picked up (the Minim) through something else, he was not Yotzei.

14.

Question: Rava himself taught that taking through something else is called taking!

15.

Answer: He said so about taking it honorably, but not disgracefully.

16.

Pesachim 57a (Beraisa): The Azarah cried out to expel Yisachar of Kefar Barkai, who honored himself and disgraced Kodshim.

17.

He would wrap his hands in silk during the Avodah.

(b)

Rishonim

1.

Rif and Rosh (Sukah 18a and 3:24): The Halachah follows Rava in all these Halachos.

i.

Ran (DH Lo): Since a cloth wrapped around his hand is not to beautify the Lulav, why isn't it a Chatzitzah? We have no verse to disqualify Chatzitzah for Lulav. The concern is for Lekichah Tamah. Whatever is to beautify it, is Batel to the Lulav. What is Tafel (secondary) to his hand is Batel to his hand. It is as if he touches the Lulav itself. Whatever is not to beautify it and is not Tafel to his hand, e.g. he wrapped a cloth around the Lulav, or took it in a Kli, which is not honorable, it is not Lekichah Tamah and it is a Chatzitzah. Really, Chatzitzah is not the Pesul; it is Pasul only where a verse teaches this, e.g. for Tevilah (immersion) or Tefilin.

2.

Rambam (Hilchos Lulav 7:12): If one tied the Lulav with the myrtle and willow, and separated between the Lulav and the myrtle with a cloth, this is a Chatzitzah.

i.

Magid Mishneh: The Rambam holds that Rava permits whatever beautifies the Lulav, whether or not it is tied to it, or Mino even if it does not beautify it. One is Yotzei l'Chatchilah. If it is b'Eino Mino and does not beautify, surely it is a Chatzitzah. We say (42a) that taking honorably through something else is called taking, but not if it is disgraceful. There is another Perush; what I wrote is primary.

ii.

Tosfos (Pesachim 57a DH d'Karich): Rashi explains that if one's hands are wrapped in silk during Avodah, it is a Chatzitzah, and it is Pasul. "V'Lakach ha'Kohen" obligates taking (the Kli or Kodshim) by himself (in his hands). For Lulav, taking through something else is called taking! R. Tam says that there, he wrapped a Lulav in a cloth. This helps him to hold it. It is like holding it through tongs. This is not a Chatzitzah. The Sugya supports this. Rabah forbade inserting the Lulav into the bundle, lest he uproot leaves, and they will be a Chatzitzah. Rava said that Min b'Mino is not a Chatzitzah. If it were b'Eino Mino, it would be a Chatzitzah. This is like here, where he wrapped his hands. Chatzitzah applies in such cases.

iii.

Rashi (42a DH Derech): It is honorable when he wraps his hands in a cloth. Taking the Minim in a bowl is disgraceful.

iv.

Tosfos (37a DH d'Ba'ina): Chatzitzah applies when he wrapped the Lulav, but not when he wrapped his hands. Rashi says that for Yisachar, it was a Chatzitzah. This is because he intended for his honor, lest his hands get dirty. Alternatively, the problem was only disgrace to Kodshim. However, this is wrong. Rava supports himself from a Mishnah about holding Ezov through a string. Rather, Chatzitzah applies to something needed to tie the Minim together. Rather, the cloth was a holder for the Lulav. Chatzitzah does not apply, for the entire Lulav is outside of his hand. This is like the Ezov. Rabah holds that this is not Lekichah Tamah. Rava holds that this is called Lekichah. On 42a, we discuss one who put his hand under the Kli, or held it by a handle. He did not hold the Kli by the walls.

v.

Beis Yosef (OC 651 DH v'Da): If he held the Kli by the walls, the Gemara would have disqualified this due to Chatzitzah. Holding it from underneath, or by a handle, is not a Chatzitzah, but it is not Lekichah Tamah. Even Rava disqualifies, for it is disgraceful. In any case, one is not Yotzei when it is in a Kli.

vi.

Rebuttal (Taz 6): Tosfos said that Rava did not discuss when he held the walls, for this would be Pasul due to Chatzitzah. If so, the Gemara is difficult. Why did it assume that he held it from below, in order to ask that he should be Yotzei, for taking through something else is called taking? (It should have assumed that Rava discussed holding from the side, which is a Chatzitzah, and therefore he was not Yotzei! Also,) it should have answered that Rava discusses all cases; he was not Yotzei due to Chatzitzah or Lekichah Tamah. Rava did not mention either of these! What forced the Gemara to say that he discusses only Lekichah that is not Tamah? Also, why is it a Chatzitzah from the side more than from below or the handle?

vii.

Taz (6): Tosfos suggested that Chatzitzah does not apply to something wrapped around his hand. Tosfos rejected this. Rather, he made a handle for the Lulav. Chatzitzah does not apply, for the Lulav is out of his hand. He holds the handle. I.e. the handle helps to hold the Lulav. It is hard to hold the Lulav with the myrtle and willow, like the Tur (651) says that the custom is to take 68 willows. One wraps a cloth around the Lulav, and he holds the end of the cloth. It is like holding the Lulav through tongs. Tosfos asked why this is unlike taking it in a Kli, which is not Lekichah Tamah. Tosfos' first (which he rejected) could say that here it is Kosher when a cloth was wrapped around his hands. Tosfos answered that there, if he held the walls of the Kli at the top, and the Lulav was in the interior, since this helps him to hold it, it would be permitted, just like holding through a handle. Rather, there he holds it from underneath, and the Kli does not help him. Alternatively, he holds the handle of the Kli. The Kli is like a handle for the Lulav; holding the handle of the handle is unlike tongs. It is not Lekichah. A Kli is no different than a cloth. If it is like a handle, it is permitted, even in a Kli. If it is not like a handle, it is forbidden, even in a cloth. This is why the Tur brings that taking through something else is called taking. Even if he made a handle and put the Lulav in and took it, this is fine, even if the entire Lulav it out of his hand, as long as it is honorable. I.e. one might have thought that when it is totally out of his hand, it is not called Lekichah. Even so, it is permitted if it is honorable, i.e. it helps to hold it, and it is like a handle. The only Heter is like a handle. If he wrapped his hands in a cloth, surely it is a Chatzitzah. Yisachar was punished for this.

(c)

Poskim

1.

Shulchan Aruch (OC 651:7): If one made a handle and put the Lulav inside, this is fine. Taking through something else is called taking, as long as it is honorable. If it is not honorable, e.g. he put the Lulav in a Kli and took it, he was not Yotzei.

i.

Beis Yosef (DH u'Lekichah): The Tur says that if one made a holder for the Lulav and took it, this is fine, even if the entire Lulav is out of his hand. This is like (Rava, according to) Tosfos. However, why did he say 'even'? Tosfos connotes that when the entire Lulav is out of his hand, is not a Chatzitzah, but when it is partially in his hand, he was not Yotzei, due to Chatzitzah! I answer that the Tur says so only according to Rabah, but Rava holds that whatever is to beautify it is not a Chatzitzah. A Stam holder is to beautify it. However, Tosfos in Yoma and Pesachim said that if his hand was wrapped in a cloth, this is not called Lekichah! I.e. when the entire Lulav is out of his hand, this is worse. Therefore, the Tur says 'even so it is called Lekichah.' When the Lulav is in his hand, but a cloth is wrapped around his hand or the Lulav, this is not called taking through something else. We learn from a Kal va'Chomer from when the entire Lulav is out of his hand. Even so, if it is not to beautify it, it disqualifies. The Tur said above that even though one need not tie it, even another Min is not a problem. It is not a Chatzitzah, even though the knot interrupts between his hand and the Lulav, since it is to beautify it.

ii.

Taz (6): When he wrapped a cloth around it not like a handle, Tosfos and the Tur hold that he was not Yotzei. The Tur discusses when the entire Lulav is out of his hand to teach that even this is Lekichah. Regarding Chatzitzah, totally out of his hand is better than partially in his hand. Tosfos said that it is not a Chatzitzah because it is out of his hand. The only concern is Lekichah, and since it is like a handle, it is permitted.

iii.

Bach (6): Tosfos concludes 'or he holds the Kli by the handle.' I.e. this is permitted, just like holding the walls.

iv.

Magen Avraham (15): The Beis Yosef's Perush is primary. Tosfos says 'if he holds the walls of the Kli, it is a Chatzitzah', i.e. he inserted the Lulav in a hollow reed and holds it. According to the Bach, Tosfos should have said 'he is Ochez (holds) the walls of the Kli.' Really, Tosfos said Achzo (he holds it, in (or with)) the walls of the Kli.

v.

Mishnah Berurah (30): Eliyahu Rabah says that a handle is to beautify it, so he is Yotzei even if he holds also the Lulav, unless it was not done nicely. Also the Prishah (5) says that it depends on how he made it.

vi.

Mishnah Berurah (31): A Kli is it is not honorable even if it is of silver. One should be stringent whether he holds it from the walls, from below, or from the handle.

2.

Shulchan Aruch (ibid.): If he wrapped a cloth around it, or wrapped a cloth around his hand and took it, some say that he was not Yotzei.

i.

Magen Avraham (16): He says 'some say...', because when he wrapped his hand, the Ran says that he was Yotzei.

ii.

Gra (DH Yesh): The Ran and Ritva hold that Chatzitzah does not apply. Anything to beautify it, or that is Batel to his hand, is Lekichah Tamah.

iii.

Mishnah Berurah (33): Likewise, if he wore gloves, he was not Yotzei.

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