Gemara

(Mishnah - R. Yehudah): If there are various foods, one of which is of the seven species, one blesses on it;

Chachamim say, he blesses on whichever he wants.

(Ula): They argue when the foods have the same Berachah. R. Yehudah holds that the seven species have precedence, and Chachamim hold that Chaviv (what he prefers) has precedence;

If they have different Berachos, he must make both Berachos. All agree that he blesses first on whichever he wants.

Question (Beraisa): If one wants to eat a radish and an olive, he blesses on the radish, and exempts the olive.

Answer: The Mishnah is abbreviated. It means that when the radish is Ikar, he blesses on it and exempts the olive. If it is not Ikar, all agree that he blesses on both;

Whenever two species have the same Berachah, he blesses on whichever he wants [and exempts the other];

R. Yehudah says, he blesses on the olive, for it is one of the seven species.

(R. Ami or R. Yitzchak Nafcha): They argue when the Berachos are the same. R. Yehudah holds that the seven species have precedence, and Chachamim hold that Chaviv has precedence;

If they have different Berachos, all agree that he must make both Berachos.

(The other of R. Ami and R. Yitzchak Nafcha): They argue even when the Berachos are different.

Question: If so, what do they argue about?

Answer (R. Yirmeyah): They argue about which he blesses on first;

i. (Rav Yosef): A species that is earlier in the verse "Eretz Chitah u'Se'orah v'Gefen u'Se'enah v'Rimon Eretz Zeis Shemen u'Devash" has precedence regarding Berachos (to bless on it first).

There were dates and pomegranates in front of Rav Hamnuna. He blessed on a date.

Rav Chisda: Don't you hold like Rav Yosef?!

Rav Hamnuna: Dates are the second species after [the second mention in the verse of] "Eretz". It has preference over pomegranates, which are the fifth after [the first] "Eretz."

Rav Chisda: I wish we had iron legs to [follow you around constantly, and] hear your wisdom!

Rishonim

Rif (28b): When the Berachos are different, all agree that one blesses on one, and then on the other. He may bless first on whichever he wants.

Rambam (Hilchos Berachos 8:13): If one had several species in front of him and they have different Berachos, he blesses first on whichever he wants. If he does not desire one more than the other, if one of them is from the seven species, he blesses first on it.

Rosh (6:25): How can Chachamim say that Chaviv has precedence? We say that whatever is earlier in the verse has precedence, and all the more so a species in the verse has precedence over a species not mentioned in the praise of Eretz Yisrael! R. Shemayah answered that whatever is earlier in the verse has precedence when neither is Chaviv. If one is Chaviv, it comes first. This is difficult, for Rav Chisda asked Rav Hamnuna why he blessed on a date, and not on a pomegranate. What was difficult? Perhaps Rav Hamnuna prefers dates! Rather, we must say that whatever is earlier in the verse has precedence according to R. Yehudah. All the Amora'im who say so hold like R. Yehudah. Bahag rules like him, and says that Borei Peri ha'Etz comes before Borei Peri ha'Adamah. He holds that "if they have different Berachos, all agree that he blesses on one and then on the other" does not teach at all about precedence. Rather, it teaches that one does not exempt the other. The words of the Gemara connote unlike this. It should have said 'one does not exempt the other'! Rather, Rav Hai, the Rif and Rashi are primary. Do not bring a proof for them from "whatever is earlier in the verse has precedence." This shows that one blesses on wheat and barley before [what comes from a grape-]vine. We can say that the rule applies to bread or porridge. Surely, ha'Motzi or Borei Minei Mezonos is more important than Borei Peri ha'Etz. However, if one eats raw wheat, which is only Borei Peri ha'Adamah, it does not come before Borei Peri ha'Etz. Even if you want to say that the rule discusses eating raw wheat, we can say that "whatever is earlier in the verse has precedence" discusses when the Berachos are the same, e.g. wheat and barley, or dates and pomegranates.

Poskim

Shulchan Aruch (OC 201:1): If one had several species in front of him with the same Berachah, if one of them is from the seven species, he blesses on it, even if it is not as Chaviv as the other species. If none of them is from the seven species, he blesses on the one that is Chaviv.

Beis Yosef (DH Hayu): Rashi explains that they argue when the Berachos are the same, e.g. olives and apples, and he wants to exempt both of them through one Berachah. If the Berachos are different, one Berachah does not exempt both, so there is no argument. He connotes that one blesses on whichever he wants. The Rif and R. Shemayah in the name of Rav Hai Gaon agree. R. Yonah says that he blesses first on the Chaviv. The Rashba agrees and says that Rav Hai Gaon agrees. Also Semak agrees. The Rosh says that since he must bless on both, there is no precedence to Chaviv. R. Yehudah says that the seven species have precedence, and Chachamim said that Chaviv has precedence, only when one Berachah exempts both.

Beis Yosef (ibid.): The Rosh, Bahag, R. Yonah and Semag rule like R. Yehudah. Also the Rashba does; he says that Rav Hai Gaon, Tosfos and the Ra'avad agree. The Mordechai says that Rav Hai Gaon and Rashi rules like Rabanan.

Gra (DH Hayu): In our text (d'Amar Rav Yosef), Rav Yosef holds like R. Yehudah. (Chachamim give no precedence to the seven species.) The Rosh's text was Amar Rav Yosef.

Damesek Eliezer: According to the Rosh's text, Rav Yosef taught an independent teaching. It is even like Rabanan. Chachamim agree that the seven species have precedence when neither is Chaviv. Since Rav Yosef need not rule like R. Yehudah, we follow Chachamim against R. Yehudah.

Magen Avraham (1): Even a half-fruit of the seven species has precedence, even if the other species is Shalem (whole). If both are from the seven species, or both are not, the Shalem has precedence. Shalem has precedence over Chaviv.

Kaf ha'Chayim (3): Shalem has precedence even if he will not eat the entire fruit, e.g. it is less than k'Zayis, so he does not eat all of it, to avoid a Safek about the Berachah Acharonah.

Shulchan Aruch (ibid.): If they have different Berachos, even if one of them is from the seven species, e.g. a radish and an olive he blesses first on whichever he wants, even if it is not Chaviv.

Magen Avraham (2): This is difficult. Even whatever is earlier in the verse has precedence, and all the more so when the other seven species is not among the seven! The Bach answered that he blesses on the one he prefers now. If he has no preference now, he blesses on the one he usually prefers. If both are Chaviv, the seven species or whatever is earlier in the verse has precedence. This is unlike the Rosh, who says that when they have different Berachos, the seven species and Chaviv do not give precedence.

Shulchan Aruch (ibid.): Some say that also in this case he must bless first on the Chaviv.

Bi'ur Halachah (DH v'Yesh): Why does the Mechaber call this opinion 'some say...'? The first opinion is an individual's (the Rosh and Avi ha'Ezri; Meforshim argue about Rashi's opinion). Most hold like the latter opinion, i.e. Rav Hai Gaon, R. Chananel, the Rif, Tosfos, R. Yonah, and the Rashba. The Rambam and his followers hold that even when the Berachos are the same, Chaviv has precedence over the seven species! We can join their opinion when the Berachos are the same. The Bach and Gra agree that this is the primary opinion. Eliyahu Rabah brings an opinion that even when the Berachos are different, the seven species take precedence. Many Poskim hold like this. I say that it is better to follow those who say that Chaviv has precedence. However, if the olive is normally Chaviv, surely it is better to bless on it even if now the radish is Chaviv. This is like the Shulchan Aruch, who says that Chaviv is what he usually prefers. Even if the radish is normally Chaviv, but now the olive is Chaviv, he should bless on the olive, for many say that the seven species have precedence over Chaviv, and we can join the opinion of the Rambam and Or Zaru'a that Chaviv is what he prefers now, (even though the Shulchan Aruch rules R. Yonah and the Rosh, that it is what he usually prefers). Also, perhaps whenever Borei Peri ha'Etz is now more Chaviv to him than Borei Peri ha'Adamah, he blesses on it even if the Borei Peri ha'Adamah is usually more Chaviv to him. For this we join Bahag (Sa'if 3) with the Rambam and the Rosh (above, that he may bless on whichever he wants). The Chayei Adam says so. If even now he prefers the Borei Peri ha'Adamah, he blesses on it like the first opinion in Sa'if 3, unlike Bahag.

Shulchan Aruch (ibid.): Chaviv is the one that he usually prefers, even if now he desires the other species.