(The Mishnah taught that) one may light Tamei Terumah in synagogues, study halls, dark alleyways and over the heads of the sick when there is a Kohen there (who would derive benefit from it) etc. Shimon bar Ba citing R. Yochanan said that the Mishnah only permits lighting over the heads of the sick when there is a Kohen present, but lighting in synagogues etc. is permitted even without a Kohen present.

Baraisa (R. Chiya): There is no limit to the Mitzvah of visiting the sick. (It can be fulfilled by visiting the same patient many times.)

(R. Chiya bar Adda): The Mishnah teaches this - 'one may light over the heads of the sick when there is a Kohen present'. (It's permitted even after the Kohen leaves, since he will certainly pay a return visit.)

Question (R. Yirmiyah to R. Zeira): Until this point, the Mishnah has permitted lighting in synagogues with Terumah that fell to a Yisrael via his maternal grandfather, who was a Kohen (which he can use rather than give it to a Kohen). But is it also referring to using Terumah from his threshing floor (which is supposed to be given to a Kohen)?

Answer (R. Zeira to R. Yirmiyah): Who would permit that?!

R. Yona and R. Yosi disagreed - R. Yona followed R. Yirmiyah (that it's permitted from his threshing floor) and R. Yosi followed R. Zeira (that it is prohibited).

Question: According to the opinion that it fell from his grandfather, since the Yisrael now acquired it and he does not need to give it to a Kohen, it can be used for lighting in synagogues etc. But according to the opinion that even permits the Terumah of his threshing floor, since he must still give it to a Kohen, how could he light with it?

Answer: He uses an agent to acquire it on behalf of the Kohen (and he may then light with it).

(Baraisa): If a Yisrael and a Kohen were partners in a store, the Yisrael may fill a candle with Tamei Terumah oil in order to go up to the attic or down to the basement, so that he can do their work. However, if the work is not also on behalf of the Kohen, it is prohibited.

If a Kohen comes to a Yisrael to make a reckoning, the Yisrael may light a candle above him.

Question: But he has a Mitzvah to give it to the Kohen?

Answer: He uses an agent to acquire it on behalf of the Kohen.

(Baraisa): If the daughter of a Yisrael went to take a light from a Kohen's wife, she may dip her wick in Tamei Terumah oil and light it.

(R. Chuna citing D'Bei R. Yannai): This ruling was at a time of marauding wolves (and they allowed lighting in this way, to prevent the danger of walking in darkness) and afterwards, Beis Din left the law in place. Just as they allowed plowing in Sheviis because of the threat to life, but they left the law in place; so too here. (The Mishnah in Sheviis taught that if one plowed a field in Sheviis, he is penalized that it may not be planted after Sheviis. The Gemara there says that even nowadays, when there is danger as the government is forcing them, and Chazal have already permitted the first plowing, nevertheless, one who plows a second time is penalized.)

(Tosefta): If a Kohen has a Yisrael fatten his animals (by feeding the animals in his property); or if a Kohen's garment is being woven by a Yisrael, he may light a Tamei Terumah candle above him. If a Kohen came to a Yisrael to make a reckoning and the Yisrael lit a candle above him, if the Kohen then left, the Yisrael is not required to extinguish the candle.

R. Chananya bar Achbari once worked for R. Chiya of Tzipori (who was a Kohen). When R. Chananya wanted to leave, R. Chiya filled up for him a candle of Tamei Terumah oil (for him to see his way).

Question: Didn't they say earlier that it's only permitted to light for the sake of a Kohen but not a Yisrael?

Answer: When he did this, it was considered for the Kohen's sake, as if he wouldn't be able to see his way home, he would not have come. They thought that R. Chananya extinguished the candle when he arrived home. R. Chinana said that he continued to use it, which allowed him to go to sleep and get up to go back to work again for R. Chiya.

Question (Adda Shamsha to R. Imi): If I dip the wick in Chulin oil, may I light with Tamei Terumah oil?

Answer (R. Imi): Yes, as the main thing is the wick, that is already saturated with Chulin oil.

R. Yuda ben Pazi instructed those of the house of Nechemia that it is permitted.

R. Imi took a wick (that had been dipped in Tamei Terumah oil from the house of a Kohen). R. Ila didn't accept such a wick.

But didn't R. Ila accept the law of R. Imi?

R. Ila agrees that it's permitted, but he refrained from using it as he was concerned that the servant gave it to him without the permission of the owner. And aside from that, he didn't want to permit it in front of the servant, so that the servant wouldn't come to treat holy items lightly.

Question (Gamliel Zuga to R. Yasa): May one add Chulin oil to Tamei Terumah oil and light it?

(R. Yasa to Gamilel Zuga): R. Hoshiya only taught that he does not need to remove every last drop of Terumah before adding Chulin (but he did not permit openly lighting Terumah by adding Chulin).

(R. Abahu): Yonasan ben Achmai taught me that if at the onset of Shabbos, a Kohen's daughter was standing and holding a candle of Tamei Terumah, she may light it as a Shabbos candle by adding Chulin oil.

(R. Zeira to R. Abahu): Who is this (Yonasan ben Achmai that you are quoting)?

(R. Abahu to R. Zeira): He was a great man who was fluent in Mishnah. R. Chiya of Kfar Techumin informed Rebbi about him and Rebbi appointed him as a Sage.