(Mishnah): If one finds a Mes lying down, like normal, he may take it and its Tefusah (underlying soil, and bury them elsewhere. Also) if he finds two Mesim [he may take them and their Tefusah].

If he finds three Mesim, if the distance between them is between four and eight Amos, like the length of the bier and those who bury it, [we assume that] this is a burial site. He must check 20 Amos [for more Mesim].

If he found one [other] Mes at the end of 20 Amos, he must check another 20 Amos from there, for there is supporting evidence (that there are more).

Had he found [only this Mes within 20 Amos] at the beginning, he one Mes, he would take it and its Tefusah.

(Gemara): What is lying down normally? Its legs are spread and his hands are on his heart, but if he was found Kamtzutz (his legs by his head), I say that a rockpile fell on him and killed him.

Question (Beraisa): If he found two [Mesim], their legs next to their heads, he takes them and their Tefusah.

We are thinking [that the legs of each Mes are by its head, i.e.] Kamtzutz.

Answer: What [does it mean] their legs next to their heads? R. Yitzchak bei R. Elazar said, it is like these fish tied on a string. The head of this one is by the tail of this one, and the tail of this one is by the head of this one.

Question (R. Yitzchak bar Gufta, to R. Mana): There you say, [one who moves a grave that opened to his field - SHIREI TAHARAH Ohalos 16:5] he takes each bone, and all is Tahor, and here you say so [he takes the Mes and its Tefusah]?!

Answer (R. Mana - Seifa): If it was prepared to be a grave from the beginning, it has Tefusah.

Question: How much is Tefusas Kever?

Answer: He takes three fingers, up to the extent that Mohel (liquid that exudes from the Mes) descends.

Question (R. Chisda): (Our Mishnah permits moving a Mes. Perhaps it was a Mes Mitzvah!) Does this show that one may move a Mes Mitzvah?!

Answer (R. Ze'ira): (No.) [We assume that] it was buried without permission, or the place was lent [on condition to bury it temporarily and move it afterwards].

Question: We should be concerned lest it was a Mes Mitzvah!

Answer: R. Ze'ira holds that Mes Mitzvah is not common. (If there is no publicity that there was a Mes Mitzvah, we need not be concerned for it.)

(Beraisa): It turns out that there are three kinds of graves. A grave that is found, we may move it. [After] one moved it, its place is Tamei and it is Asur b'Hana'ah (i.e. one may not eat, drink or be frivolous there - KESEF MISHNEH Hilchos Tum'as Mes 8:5);

A known grave, we do not move it. If one moved it, its place is Tahor, and one may benefit from it;

If a grave harms the public, one may move it. After he does so, its place is Tamei and one may not benefit from it.

R. Aba bar Kohen ruled in Kefar Akaviyah that its place is Tahor, and one may benefit from it.

Question: Does he argue [with the Beraisa]?!

Answer: (He does not argue.) Here (the Beraisa) is when [the grave was there] before the city [was built], and here (R. Aba bar Kohen) is when the city was there before [the grave].

(Beraisa): If a cemetery surrounds a city in three directions (surely it harms the public, so) one may move it.

If it surrounds it in two directions - some teach that one may move it, and some teach that one may not move it.

Version #1 (Rav Chisda): (They do not argue.) The one who says that one may move it, this is when it is within 50 Amos [of the city]. The one who says that one may not move it, this is when it is outside 50 Amos.

Version #2: The one who says that one may move it, this is when [the cemetery is shaped] like a Gam (the Greek letter Gamma, i.e. two adjacent sides of a square). The one who says that one may not move it, this is when it is like it (the city, i.e. on two opposite sides. We explained this like PNEI MOSHE.)

All graves [within 50 Amos of the city], we move them [lest people become Tamei through them], except for graves of a king and graves of a Navi.

R. Akiva says, even the grave of a king and the grave of a Navi are moved.

Question (to R. Akiva): The graves of Beis David and the grave of [the prophetess] Chuldah were in Yerushalayim, and no one ever touched them to move them! (MAHARIT 2 YD 37 - initially they were outside the city, and after they enlarged the city, they were inside.)

Answer (R. Akiva): Do you bring a proof from there? There was a tunnel there, and from there the Tum'ah went out to Nachal Kidron! (It was open to there, so it is not Metamei one who passes over it.)

Question: A Mishnah teaches 'one makes a Chatzer at the opening of the [burial] cave six by six Amos, like the length of the bier [and those who bury it]', and here you say so (eight Amos is the length of the bier and those who bury it)!

Answer: There, [it suffices for the seller to give a Chatzer of minimal size, for] the full length of the bier to pass [with difficulty]. However, here, [we are concerned lest he gave extra room to allow] the full length of the bier to turn around. (We explained this like ELIYAHU RABAH.)

Question: How much [is called those who bury it]?

Answer: It is those who carry the bier, Chilufeihen (those who alternate with them), and Chilufei Chilufeihen.

(Mishnah): A vineyard [in which the rows of vines are] planted less than four Amos [from each other], R. Shimon says, it is not a vineyard. Chachamim say, it is a vineyard, and we view the middle ones as if they are not (and what remains is planted properly, between four and eight Amos apart).

(Shimon bar Ba citing R. Yochanan): Just like they argue here [about a vineyard], they argue about a burial site (if the Mesim are too close together).

Rebuttal #1 (R. Yonah): These are different! There (if they are spaced like the Mishnah says), they are a burial site. However, here, (if they are spaced too densely), they are not a burial site. (They did not intend to leave them like this permanently. We explained this like PNEI MOSHE.)

Rebuttal #2 (R. Yosi): These are different! There if they were spaced sparsely, and he [planted in between and] made them dense, [the Tana'im] argue. There if they were dense, and he [uprooted some and] made them sparse, all agree [that it is a vineyard];

However, here, when do they argue? It is when he came and found them dense. R. Shimon says, [no one was buried there intentionally]; a rockpile fell on them [and killed people], and made them dense. Rabanan say, they were [buried there] sparsely; a rockpile fell [and killed people in between], and made them dense. (All agree that if people intentionally buried more Mesim and made them dense, it is not a burial site.)

Question: (If he finds three Mesim... he checks 20 Amos for more Mesim. How much do we burden him? (Does he check 20 in each direction, or 10 in this direction and 10 in the opposite direction?)

Answer #1 (R. Yosi citing R. Maisha bar Yirmeyah): It is until 40 Amos (20 in each direction). If he checked 20 and found, he checks another 20.

Answer #2: Some teach that [he checks 20 in all, 10 in each direction]; if he checked 10 and found [another Mes], he checks up to [another] 10. If he checked 10 and found, he checks up to 10. (We explained this like PNEI MOSHE.)

(Mishnah): Any Safek about a Nega (an appearance of Tzara'as) at the beginning is Tahor, until he was made [fully] Tamei (Muchlat);

Once he was Muchlat, a Safek is Tamei.

In seven ways we check a Zav (i.e. a man who had an emission of Zov, i.e. uncooked semen) before he was established to be Tamei (a Zav - if the emission could be due to) eating or drinking (too much, or foods that induce emissions, carrying a heavy) load, jumping, sickness, a sight, or thoughts;

Once he was established to be Tamei, we do not check him. His Ones and his Safek (these will be explained) and his semen are Tamei, for there are Raglayim l'Davar.

(Gemara): "V'Timei Oso" - he is Metamei a Vadai. He is not Metamei a Safek. He remains in his Taharah until he knows that he became Tamei.

"V'Tiharo" - he is Metaher a Vadai. He is not Metaher a Safek. He remains in his Tum'ah until he knows that he became Tahor.

It says "veha'Davah n'Nidasah veha'Zav Es Zovo" - just like a Nidah becomes Tamei through Ones, also a Zav becomes Tamei through Ones.

Question: If so, even the first sighting (should be Tamei through Ones)!

Answer (R. Ze'ira): When he becomes like a Nidah (i.e. a Zav, who is Tamei for seven days, he becomes Tamei) his Ones [cancels his count of seven clean days. However, a third sighting b'Ones does not obligate a Korban, like R. Lazar in Megilah 1:8 - OHR SOMAYACH Hilchos Mechusarei Kaparah 2:5.]

(R. Elazar): 'His Ones' refers to true Ones (e.g. he was struck or frightened). 'His Safek' is Safek Zov, Safek semen.

Question: Are his Zov and semen not Tamei without [becoming a Zav]?!

Answer: [After he became a Zav], we do not attribute Zov [to semen that he saw] within the previous 24 hours. (Zov cancels all the days he counted; semen cancels only that day.)