[6a - 31 lines; 6b - 49 lines]
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We recommend using the textual changes suggested by the Bach and the marginal notes of the Vilna Shas. This section is devoted to any OTHER important corrections that Acharonim have pointed out in the Gemara and Rashi.
[1] Rashi 6a DH v'Einah Mekulkeles ã"ä åàéðä î÷åì÷ìú:
The words "v'Einah Monah" åàéðä îåðä are a new Dibur ha'Maschil
[2] Rashi 6b DH Gafah ã"ä âôä:
The words "u'Medichah Yadeha" åîãéçä éãéä are a new Dibur ha'Maschil
[3] Rashi DH Kiblah Minei ã"ä ÷áìä îéðéä:
The words "Hachi ka'Amar" äëé ÷àîø
should be "d'Hachi ka'Amar" ãäëé ÷àîø
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1)[line 3]úðéà ëååúéä ãøáàTANYA KAVASEI D'RAVA- the Gemara is bringing support for the two statements of Rava, that a woman who experiences bleeding is retroactively Metamei both earthenware utensils with a Tzamid Pasil and Mishkavos
2)[line 6]î÷åì÷ìú ìîðéðäMEKULKELES L'MINYANAH (PISCHEI NIDAH)
(a)See Background to Nidah 2:1.
(b)PESACH BE'TO'AH - The first time a woman becomes Tamei by experiencing bleeding (after the cycle of eighteen days is completed — seven days of Yemei Nidah and eleven days of Yemei Zivah), she starts anew the cycle and becomes a Nidah for seven days. If a woman experiences bleeding during the 11 days of Zivah, she is a Zavah Ketanah or Zavah Gedolah.
(c)If a woman has erred ("To'ah") in her count and does not know whether she saw the blood during the days of Nidah or of Zivah, she must follow the more stringent of the two courses of action. If she experiences bleeding only after a period of 7 to 17 days (as the Gemara explains in detail — Erchin 8a), she knows for sure that she is at the beginning ("Pesach") of her cycle and the next time she experiences bleeding, she is a Nidah and not a Zavah.
3)[line 7]îèîàä àú áåòìäMETAM'AH ES BO'ALAH (BO'EL NIDAH)
A man who has relations with a Nidah becomes Tamei for seven days, like the Nidah herself. His laws of Tum'ah, however, are less stringent. The objects he touches, as well as Tachtono, the objects underneath him, have the same status as the objects above a Nidah, namely, Rishon l'Tum'ah, as it states in Vayikra 15:24 (see Nidah 33a, and Charts to Nidah 33:8b). After seven days, he immerses in a Mikvah during the day to complete his purification process.
4)[line 26]áùòú òáøúï îìàëåìBI'SHE'AS AVARASAN MI'LE'ECHOL- when they stop eating [Terumah, they must perform a Bedikah]
5)[line 27]îàé ãäåä äåäMAI D'HAVAH HAVAH- (lit. whatever was, was) the event has passed; why does she need to perform a Bedikah with regard to Terumah that has already been eaten?
6)[line 28]ìú÷ï ùéøéí ùáôðéäL'SAKEN SHIRAYIM SHE'BEFANEHA- to permit the remainder [of the Terumah] that is before her
7)[line 30]ëùéòåø åñúK'SHI'UR VESES- immediately (see 14b)
6b----------------------------------------6b
8)[line 11]çáøéà îãëï áâìéìàCHEVRAYA MEDAKAN B'GELILA- Chaverim (in contrast to Amei ha'Aretz — see Background to Bechoros 30:10) in the Galil produce their wine and oil at the level of purity that makes them fit for being used in the Beis ha'Mikdash (even though it is destroyed)
9)[line 19]úøåîú ìçîé úåãäTERUMAS LACHMEI TODAH (LACHMEI TODAH)
(a)The Korban Todah (thanksgiving offering) is a form of Shelamim that is eaten for only one day and one night (Vayikra 7:15). Korbenos Shelamim that are offered by an individual may be brought from male or female sheep, cows or goats. They are Kodshim Kalim, and may therefore be slaughtered in the entire Azarah (and not only in its northern part).
(b)Before its slaughter, the owner presses his hands on the head of the animal (Semichah). The blood of the Todah is cast on the lower half of the Mizbe'ach at the northeastern and southwestern corners only ("Shetayim she'Hen Arba"). Nesachim (a flour offering consisting of flour and oil and a wine libation) are brought as part of the Korban (Bamidbar 15:3-12). The flour offering is completely burned on the Mizbe'ach and the wine is poured into one of the Sefalim (the silver libation pipes located at the top of the southwest corner of the Mizbe'ach) (RAMBAM and RA'AVAD Hilchos Ma'aseh ha'Korbanos 2:1). The amount of flour, oil and wine needed depends upon the animal offered, as specified in Bamidbar (ibid.).
(c)An animal that was sacrificed as a Todah was brought together with forty loaves of bread, ten each of the following:
1.Chalos Matzos - Matzos mixed with oil;
2.Rekikin - flat Matzos saturated with oil;
3.Soles Murbeches - Matzos made of boiled flour mixed with oil;
4.Loaves of leavened bread. (Vayikra 7:12-13)
(d)One loaf of each type of bread was given to the Kohen who performed the Zerikas ha'Dam of the Todah (Vayikra 7:14). (These four loaves were known as Terumas Lachmei Todah.) The Chazeh (breast) and Shok (the two upper sections of the right hind leg, until the hip joint) of the Todah were given to the Kohen (Vayikra 7:34). Certain fats and other parts of the Korban were offered on the Mizbe'ach (Vayikra 3:3-4, 9-10, 14-15). The owner and his guests (men or women) eat the rest of the Korban inside the borders of the city of Yerushalayim. The meat may be cooked in any fashion and is eaten on the day that it is slaughtered and the following night.
10)[line 21]áìéùééäåB'LISHAIHU- while they are still being kneaded, i.e. before baking
11)[line 29]âôä çáéåú ùì ééïGAFAH CHAVIYOS SHEL YAYIN- sealing [earthenware] wine barrels [with clay]
12a)[line 45]úðï äúí, ðåìã ìä ñô÷...TENAN HASAM, NOLAD LAH SAFEK...- the Gemara cites this Mishnah because it presently believes that Chulin ha'Tevulin l'Chalah may be equated with Chulin she'Na'asu Al Taharas Terumah. This will be the basis for bringing a contradiction to the previous statement in the Gemara, and the Mishnah that discusses Chalah which is Safek Tamei
b)[line 45]úðï äúí, ðåìã ìä ñô÷...TENAN HASAM, NOLAD LAH SAFEK... (CHALAH)
(a)With regard to the Mitzvah of Chalah, the verses state, "... b'Vo'achem El ha'Aretz... Reishis Arisoseichem Chalah Tarimu Serumah..." - "[Speak to the people of Yisrael, and say to them,] 'When you come into the land [where I bring you, when you eat of the bread of the land, you shall separate a Terumah (tribute) to HaSh-m]. You shall separate the first of your dough for a Terumah; [as you do with the Terumah separated from the grain of the threshing floor, so, too, shall you present this [to the Kohanim]'" (Bamidbar 15:18-20).
(b)Whenever a person kneads a large quantity of dough made from one of the five species of grain (wheat, barley, oats, rye or spelt), he must separate a small portion to be given to the Kohen before eating from the dough. This portion is called Chalah. (The requirement to separate Chalah with a Berachah only applies to dough made from the volume of 43.2 Beitzim of flour. The modern equivalent is approximately 10 1/2 cups or 2.48 liters; about half of that amount requires Chalah to be separated without a Berachah.) A baker must separate 1/48 of his dough as Chalah, while a normal homeowner must separate 1/24. If a person did not separate Chalah from the dough before it was baked, it must be separated after it is baked before the baked products can be eaten.
(c)Chalah has the Halachos of Terumah, and it must be eaten by Kohanim, their wives and children, while they are Tehorim. A non-Kohen who eats Chalah b'Mezid is liable to Malkus and Misah b'Yedei Shamayim (Makos 13a; RAMBAM Hilchos Bikurim 5:14 and Hilchos Terumah 6:6).
13)[line 46]âìâìäGILGELAH- she kneaded it
14)[line 47]îåúø ìâøåí èåîàä ìçåìéï ùáàøõ éùøàìMUTAR LI'GROM TUM'AH L'CHULIN SHEB'ERETZ YISRAEL- and it is permitted to cause Chulin in Eretz Yisrael to become Teme'im. Since the Mishnah is dealing with dough in which the kneading process has not been completed, no part of it has the status of Chalah as of yet (TOSFOS).
15)[line 48]çåìéï äèáåìéï ìçìä ëçìä ãîåCHULIN HA'TEVULIN L'CHALAH K'CHALAH DAMU- a dough of Chulin from which there is an obligation to separate Chalah has the status of Chalah with regard to Tum'ah