1)

WHAT MUST REMAIN TO ALLOW ZERIKAH

(a)

Answer #2 (to Question 2:h): Rav holds like R. Yehoshua:

1.

(Beraisa - R. Yehoshua): Regarding [almost] all Zevachim, whether the Chelev became Tamei and the meat is intact, or the meat became Tamei and the Chelev is intact, we Zorek.

2.

Regarding Pesach [and Shalmei (the ram of a) Nazir - Tosfos deletes this from the text], if the Chelev became Tamei and the meat is intact, we Zorek;

3.

If the meat became Tamei and the Chelev is intact, we do not Zorek; if Zerikah was done, it was Meratzeh.

4.

If the owner(s) became Tamei, we do not Zorek; if Zerikah was done, it was not Meratzeh.

(b)

(Mishnah): Other Zevachim are different...

(c)

Our Mishnah is R. Yehoshua:

1.

(Beraisa - R. Yehoshua): If a k'Zayis of the meat or Chelev remains, we Zorek;

2.

If half a k'Zayis of the meat and half a k'Zayis of Chelev remain, we do not Zorek;

i.

However, regarding an Olah we Zorek - since both the meat and Chelev are offered, they join.

3.

Even if a Minchah is fully intact, we do not Zorek.

4.

Objection: Zerikah does not apply to a Minchah!

5.

Answer (Rav Papa): This refers to Minchas Nesachim (that accompanies a Korban) - one might have thought that it is just like the Korban [and we may Zorek on account of the Minchah as if meat remained] - the Mishnah teaches that this is not so.

(d)

Question: What is the source that Zerikah may be done on account of Chelev?

(e)

Answer (R. Yochanan citing R. Yishmael): ["V'Zorak ha'Kohen Es ha'Dam...v'Hiktir ha'Chelev l'Re'ach Nicho'ach" - it suffices that there is Chelev to be offered, even if there is no meat.

(f)

Question: This teaches about Chelev - what is the source to permit Zerikah on account of Yoseres ha'Kaved (diaphragm) or the kidneys [which are offered with the Chelev]?

1.

Question: The questioner assumes that we Zorek on account of them - what is his source?

2.

Answer: We said that we may not Zorek on account of Minchas Nesachim - this implies that one may Zorek on account of any part of the Korban.

(g)

Answer (R. Yochanan himself): "L'Re'ach Nicho'ach" - anything [from the animal] offered on the Mizbe'ach [is a remnant to permit Zerikah].

(h)

The Torah had to write Chelev and l'Re'ach Nicho'ach:

1.

Had it written only Chelev, we would have said that we may Zorek on account of Chelev, but not on account of Yoseres ha'Kaved or the kidneys - therefore it also says l'Re'ach Nicho'ach;

2.

Had it written only l'Re'ach Nicho'ach, we would have said that we may Zorek on account of anything offered on the Mizbe'ach, even a Minchah - therefore it also says Chelev.

2)

WHEN IS PESACH BROUGHT B'TUM'AH?

(a)

(Mishnah): If the Tzibur or its majority became Tamei, or if the Kohanim were Temei'im and the Tzibur was Tahor, Pesach is brought b'Tumah;

(b)

If the minority of the Tzibur became Tamei, the Tehorim bring Pesach Rishon, and the Temei'im bring Pesach Sheni.

(c)

(Gemara - Beraisa): If Yisrael, the Kohanim or the Klei Shares were Temei'im, Pesach is brought b'Tum'ah, because we do not divide a Korban Tzibur (it is disgraceful if Chaburos offering b'Taharah are insistent not to touch others offering it b'Tum'ah).

(d)

(Rav Chisda): Pesach is brought b'Tum'ah on account of Klei Shares only if the knives became Tamei Mes:

1.

"Ba'Chalal Cherev" - a sword [or any metal Keli that touched a Mes] becomes like a Mes, and is Metamei one who touches it - if an individual slaughtered Pesach with such a knife he would become Tamei, and hence Chayav Kares;

2.

But if the knives became Tamei through a Sheretz, they Metamei only the meat but not people, so only Tehorim bring Pesach [Rishon];

i.

It is better that Tehorim eat Tamei meat, for [normally] this is forbidden only by a Lav, than for Temei'im to eat, for this is punishable by Kares.

(e)

This shows that Rav Chisda holds that Tum'ah is Nidcheh b'Tzibur (he allows the bare minimum).

(f)

(R. Yitzchak): Tum'ah is Nidcheh b'Tzibur.

(g)

(Rava): Even Tamei people may bring Pesach.

(h)

Question: What is the reason?

(i)

Answer: It says "Veha'Basar Asher Yiga b'Chol Tamei Lo Ye'achel...Kol Tahor Yochel Basar" - the Seifa [which implicitly forbids Temei'im to eat Kodshim] applies only when the Reisha applies [but not when Tamei meat may be eaten].

3)

WHEN HALF OF YISRAEL ARE TEHORIM

(a)

(Rav): If exactly half of Yisrael were Tehorim, half is like a majority, therefore all bring Pesach Rishon - Tehorim by themselves (in Taharah, since they are like a majority) and Temei'im by themselves (they are like a majority, which is not detained to Pesach Sheni);

(b)

(Rav Kahana): Half is not like the majority;

1.

Version #1: Therefore, Tehorim bring Pesach Rishon (even a minority of Tehorim brings it), and Temei'im bring Pesach Sheni [like a minority that is detained];

2.

Version #2: Therefore, Tehorim bring Pesach Rishon, and Temei'im do not bring either Pesach;

79b----------------------------------------79b

i.

They do not bring Pesach Rishon because they are not a majority; they do not bring Pesach Sheni because they are not a minority. (end of Version #2)

(c)

Question (against Rav - Mishnah): If the Tzibur or its majority became Tamei, or if the Kohanim were Temei'im and the Tzibur was Tahor, Pesach is brought b'Tumah.

1.

Inference: A majority [of Temei'im] may bring Pesach b'Tum'ah - half may not!

(d)

Answer: No - when a majority is Tamei, everyone brings Pesach b'Tum'ah; when half are Tamei, Tehorim bring by themselves and Temei'im by themselves.

(e)

Support (Seifa): If the minority of the Tzibur became Tamei, the Tehorim bring Pesach Rishon, and the Temei'im bring Pesach Sheni.

1.

Inference: A minority [of Temei'im] are detained to Pesach Sheni - but if it is half-half, all bring Pesach Rishon - Tehorim by themselves and Temei'im by themselves!

(f)

Question: This is difficult for Rav Kahana!

(g)

Answer #1: No, we infer differently - if the minority became Tamei, the Tehorim bring Pesach Rishon, and the Temei'im bring Pesach Sheni;

1.

But if it is half-half, Tehorim bring Pesach Rishon, and Temei'im do not bring either Pesach!

(h)

Question: This answers for Version #2 - but how can we answer for Version #1, which says that Temei'im bring Pesach Sheni?

(i)

Answer: Really, even if it is half-half the Tehorim bring Pesach Rishon, and the Temei'im bring Pesach Sheni - the Tana discusses when the minority is Tamei for parallel structure with the Reisha, when the majority is Tamei.

(j)

Support (for Rav - Beraisa #1): If Yisrael was half Tehorim and half Temei'im, Tehorim bring by themselves and Temei'im by themselves.

(k)

Support (for Version #1 of Rav Kahana - Beraisa #2): If Yisrael was half Tehorim and half Temei'im, Tehorim bring Pesach Rishon and Temei'im bring Pesach Sheni.

(l)

Support (for Version #2 of Rav Kahana - Beraisa #3): If Yisrael was half Tehorim and half Temei'im, Tehorim bring Pesach Rishon and Temei'im do not bring either Pesach.

(m)

Question: How can Rav and Version #2 of Rav Kahana explain Beraisa #2?

(n)

Answer: If [in all] Yisrael was half Tehorim and half Temei'im, but most men were Tehorim, the Tehorim bring Pesach Rishon and Temei'im bring Pesach Sheni;

1.

The Tana holds that it is Reshus (optional) for women to bring Pesach Rishon - we follow the majority of [people who are obligated, i.e.] men.

(o)

Question: How can Rav and Version #1 of Rav Kahana explain Beraisa #3?

(p)

Answer - part 1 (for Rav): Half the males of Yisrael were Tehorim and half were Temei'im, and most women were Temei'os;

1.

The Tana holds that Pesach Rishon is obligatory for women and Pesach Sheni is Reshus for them;

2.

Temei'im do not bring Pesach Rishon, for they are the minority; they do not bring Pesach Sheni, because without women they are half, and half do not bring Pesach Sheni.

(q)

Answer - part 2 (for Version #1 of Rav Kahana): Half of Yisrael were Tehorim including women, and most women were Temei'os;

1.

The Tana holds that the Rishon is Chovah for women and the Sheni is Reshus for them;

2.

Temei'im do not bring Pesach Rishon, for they are half; they do not bring Pesach Sheni, because without women they are the majority.

(r)

Question: How can Rav Kahana explain Beraisa #1?

(s)

Answer: He says that Tana'im argue about this - this Tana holds that half is like a majority, and the Tana'im of Beraisos 2 and 3 hold that half is not like a majority.

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