1)

(a)Rebbi Akiva learn from the Pasuk in Yeshayah "Cast them away like a Nidah; say to it 'Be gone!' " - that Avodah-Zarah is Metamei be'Masa.

(b)The practical difference between Tum'as Maga and Tum'as Masa is - that the latter applies even one carries it without actually touching it.

(c)The Chachamim hold - that it is Metamei, but not be'Masa.

(d)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.

2)

(a)Rebbi Akiva learns from the Pasuk in Mishlei 'Derech Oniyah be'Lev Yam" - that like the sea, a ship is not subject to Tum'ah ...

(b)... because the Pasuk is otherwise superfluous (since it does teach us anything that we do not already know).

(c)And this ruling applies even it is ...

1. ... made of earthenware.

2. ... loaded on dry land.

3)

(a)One is permitted to plant - five groups of different seeds in a row measuring six Tefachim by six Tefachim

(b)To gain maximum benefit from this concession - one fills the middle four Tefachim of each outer row plus the middle Tefach by Tefach.

(c)One must leave - a Tefach square blank in each corner and four Tefachim between the seeds on the sides and the ones in the middle.

(d)The reason for this latter Din is - because by doing so, the seeds in the middle and on the sides do not feed from each other.

4)

(a)The fact that the seeds on each of the sides touch in the corners is no problem - seeing as by virtue of the that the rows are growing in different directions, they do not look like one entity and are not considered Kil'ayim.

(b)The proof for this from the Mishnah in Kil'ayim - which permits planting different seeds right next to each other, as long as there is a wall separating them (even though they feed from one another underneath the wall).

(c)We learn the five seeds from the Pasuk in Yeshayah - 'Ki ka'Aretz Totzi (1) Tzimchah (1), u'che'Ganah Zeru'ehah (2) Tatzmi'ach' (1).

(d)We know that this speaks about a row measuring six be six Tefachim - because 'Halachah le'Moshe mi'Sinai' we know that the Shi'ur Yenikah (seeds feeding from one another), is three Tefachim (one and a half each), even though it is not hinted in the Pasuk.

5)

(a)Rebbi Akiva now discusses a woman who exudes Zera on the third day after intimacy. He declares her Tamei at that stage - since the Zera is still to germinate and to become a baby.

(b)And he learns this from the Pasuk in Yisro - Heyu Nechonim la'Yom ha'Shelishi.

(c)The Pasuk issued this command - to ensure that no woman would be Tamei when the Torah was given.

(d)The Torah was not concerned that she may exude Zera beyond the third day - since it would not then be fit to germinate, and would therefore no longer fall under the heading of 'Shichvas-Zera'.

6)

(a)We consider the Mishnah a misquotation, in that - the Tana ought rather to have said that she is Tahor ...

(b)... seeing as the Pasuk in Yisro writes "Heyu Nechonim li'Sheloshes Yamim" (see Tos. Yom-Tov), and the Torah was given on the third day after the warning was issued.

(c)Alternatively, the author of the Mishnah is the Rabbanan of Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah, who do in fact hold - that a woman who exudes Zera on the third day is Tamei ...

(d)... but the Halachah is not like them.

7)

(a)One is permitted to wash the Milah on the third day after the B'ris Milah that falls on Shabbos - even with water that has been heated on Shabbos ...

(b)... because it involves life-danger to the baby if he is not washed with hot water.

(c)And if it is permitted even on the third day, how much more so on the first and on the second days (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)We learn this from Pasuk in Vayishlach (in connection with the men of Sh'chem) "Vay'hi ba'Yom ha'Shelishi bi'Heyosam Ko'avim".

(e)Rebbi Akiva learns from the Pasuk in Yeshayah "Im Yih'yu Chata'eichem ka'Shanim, ka'Sheleg Yalbinu" (If your sins will be like red threads, they will become white like snow) that - one is obligated to tie a red thread onto the head of the Sa'ir ha'Mishtale'ach.

8)

(a)Rebbi Akiva now learns from the Pasuk in Tehilim "Vatavo cha'Mayim be'Kirbo u'che'Shemen be'Atzmosav" - that 'Sichah' (anointing) is akin to drinking ...

(b)... with regard to the area of eating and drinking on Yom Kipur.

(c)The ramifications of the statement that it is not a proof, only a Zeicher (a hint) are - that one is not Chayav Kareis for doing so (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

9)

(a)The Shi'ur for carrying out wood and spices have in common - are both connected with boiling a chicken's egg.

(b)The Shi'ur for ...

1. ... wood is - sufficient to use as fuel or boiling it.

2. ... spices is - enough to spice it.

(c)And when the Tana says that they combine - he is referring to different kinds of spices.

10)

(a)The Tana now discuses nut-shells, pomegranate peels, Istis and Pu'ah - which are all used as dyes (see Tiferes Yisrael).

(b)The definition of ...

1. ... 'Istis' is - a plant that produces a deep-blue dye, and ...

2. ... 'Pu'ah' - a species of herb that dyes red.

(c)The Shi'ur (regarding carrying in the street on Shabbos) they all share is - sufficient to dye a small garment ...

(d)... 'bi'Sevachah' - i.e. a patch of cloth that a woman places on top of her 'Svachah' (a kind of net hat).

11)

(a)The Shi'ur the Mishnah gives for carrying out urine, Neser (a kind of earth known as Natron or Alum [that makes things shiny]) and Boris - (a plant that cleans like soap).

(b)The Mishnah concludes the above list with Kemunyah and Ashlag (whose meaning is not known). 'Kemunyah' (Cimolia) is a herb. After grinding it into dust - one rubs one's hands with it, in order to remove the grime.

(c)According to the Tana Kama, the common Shi'ur for carrying out any of the items in this list is the same as in the previous list (enough to wash the small piece of cloth that a woman places on her head-cloth). According to Rebbi Yehudah, the Shi'ur, regarding these four commodities, is 'enough to remove a stain' - (with reference to a stain which is a Safek Dam Nidah, and which one examines by washing it seven times using different commodities, one of them, Kemunyah.

(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

12)

(a)The Mishnah gives Pilpel (a species of pepper that is not common nowadays [see Tiferes Yisrael]) and resin the same Shi'ur - a Kol-Sh'hu.

(b)Resin is used to cure someone half of whose head hurts him, Pilpel - to dispel a foul odor from the mouth.

13)

(a)Smelling-spices and all kinds of metal too (as well as the remaining items in this Mishnah) share the Shi'ur of a Kol-Sh'hu. A Kol-Sh'hu of metal is fit - to fashion into the spud of a goad.

(b)The last three items in the list are the stones and the dust of the Mizbe'ach and Mekek Sefarim - (the mold-dust that falls off old Sefarim and holy cloths).

(c)What they all have in common is - the fact that one is Chayav for carrying them out (not because one needs them, but) - because one wants to place them in Sheimos.

(d)Based on the Pasuk in Re'ei "ve'Lo Yidbak be'Yad'cha Me'umah min ha'Cheirem", Rebbi Yehudah adds to the list - Avodah-Zarah.

(e)The Tana Kama - whose opinion is Halachah, disagrees with him (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

14)

(a)For carrying out a peddler's box containing five different items, the Mishnah obligates one to bring - one Chatas.

(b)In spite of the fact that the Shi'ur for foods is a ki'Gerogeres, why does the Tana give the Shi'ur for carrying out garden seeds as (a little) less than a ki'Gerogeres - because one is not keeping it to eat it, but to plant it.

(c)Rebbi Yehudah (ben Beseira) gives the Shi'ur for garden seeds as - five seeds.

(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

15)

(a)The common Shi'ur that the Tana give for carrying out cucumber seeds, pumpkin seeds and seeds of Egyptian beans - is two seeds.

(b)These seeds are more stringent than other seeds - because they are considered more Chashuv.

(c)The Tana now discusses the Shi'ur of a (Kasher) live locust and a dead one. A live (Kosher) locust serves the purpose of - a toy for a child to play with.

(d)The Shi'ur of a live locust is a Kol-Sh'hu; whereas the Shi'ur of a dead (Kasher) one is a ki'Gerogeres.

16)

(a)Finally, the Tana gives the Shi'ur of a Tzipo'res Keramim - (a small bird (see Tif'eres Yisrael) that nests in young date-palms) dead or alive, as a Kol-Sh'hu.

(b)It is used - to increase one's intelligence.

(c)Rebbi Yehudah disagrees with the Chachamim regarding a live non-Kasher locust. He declares him Chayav (for even a Kol-Sh'hu) - since, like a Tahor one, it can be given to a child to play with.

(d)The Chachamim forbid it - for fear that the child may eat it (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(e)Consequently, since it has no use - somebody who carries it out on Shabbos will be Patur from bringing a Chatas.