(Mishnah): One who is Borer.

(R. Yudan): There is a case of one who selects pebbles the entire day and he is not liable, and there is one who takes k'Grogeres and he is liable immediately.

What is the case? If he was sitting by a stack and selected pebbles the entire day, he is not liable [if there are still pebbles inside, for he did not fix it]. If he took in his hand k'Grogeres and selected [all the impurities from it] he is liable.

Question (R. Yonah): (On Yom Tov, Beis Shamai say that one selects the good from the bad and eats it. Beis Hillel say that he selects normally.) If one did so on Shabbos, according to Beis Shamai, is he liable?

Answer (R. Yosi): Why should he not [be liable? If he did on Shabbos [like one does on Yom Tov] according to Beis Hillel, is he not liable? And here [also, according to Beis Shamai, if one did on Shabbos like he does on Yom Tov,] he is liable!

Rebuttal (R. Mana): It was proper that my father R. Yonah asked only according to Beis Shamai.

Question: Why [is it a question only according to Beis Shamai]?

Answer: [Beis Hillel hold that Bereirah was totally permitted on Yom Tov; surely one is liable on Shabbos. Perhaps Beis Shamai agree.Or, they hold that Bereirah was totally not permitted on Yom Tov; Ochel from Pesoles is not Bereirah, so it is permitted even on Shabbos.]

If one selected food [that he does not want now] from food, Chizkiyah obligates and R. Yochanan exempts.

Question: A Beraisa argues with Chizkiyah. It says that one may select and eat, and one may select and leave on the table! (PNEI MOSHE - this is not difficult for R. Yochanan. Perhaps he forbids when he does not eat any now, and the Beraisa permits to eat some now and leave the rest of what he selected on the table.)

Answer (R. Bun bar Chiyah citing R. Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak): The case is, guests were eating immediately [what he leaves on the table].

(k) (Beraisa): [It is permitted] as long as he does not select the entire species. If he did so on Shabbos, he is liable;

According to Chizkiyah, [the Beraisa forbids selecting the entire species,] for one who selects normally on Shabbos, he is liable;

According to R. Yochanan, [it forbids selecting the entire species,] for one who selects normally [and does not eat any, rather, puts it] elsewhere, he is liable.

According to Chizkiyah, even a fig cake (which is big) amidst fig cakes or a pomegranate among pomegranates [is forbidden].

Question: If so, [he should forbid] even [selecting] people amidst people!

Question: What was the conclusion? (How do we rule?)

Answer: Everyone agrees to (permits in) the way of R. Imi;

R. Imi had guests. He put in front of them lupines mixed with their undesired parts. He told them "intend that you will eat the undesired parts at the end'' (this permits you to separate it now).

(Beraisa): We may not select, grind or sift. One who selects, grinds or sifts on Shabbos is stoned; on Yom Tov he receives 40 lashes.

Question (Mishnah): One may select normally in his garment or in a plate [on Yom Tov].

Answer (R. Chanina Ansoniya): The Beraisa is like R. Gamliel, for R. Gamliel says that one may even put water [on lentils in a Kli] and remove [the chaff that floats. He holds that even Beis Hillel do not totally permit Bereirah on Yom Tov. He said "even'', i.e. according to Beis Shamai.]

Question: A Mishnah teaches that people of R. Gamliel's house would grind peppers in their grinder [on Yom Tov. Does he hold that] grinding is permitted and Borer is forbidden?! (Grinding is done before Borer!)

Answer (R. Yosi citing R. Ila): [He] did not permit grinding normally.

Question: What is the source that we may not select, grind or sift? (The Beraisa said that one is lashed for these on Yom Tov!)

Answer #1 (R. Yosi citing Reish Lakish): "Kol Melachah Lo Sa'asu'' until "u'Shmartem Es ha'Matzos'' (according to letter of the law, one must guard Matzah from fermenting from the time of kneading. The verse forbids Melachos that precede this.)

Objection (R. Yosi): Did we learn the Heter to cook [on Yom Tov] from here?! (Surely we did not! You cannot learn from here the extent of the Heter - MEICHAL HA'MAYIM.)

Answer: R. Yosah does not say so. Rather, R. Yosah said in the name of Reish Lakish "Ach Asher Yochal l'Chol Nefesh Hu Levado Ya'aseh Lachem... u'Shmartem Es ha'Matzos.'' (The Torah permits Melachos from when one must guard Matzah, i.e. from kneading and onwards.)

Chizkiyah taught a Beraisa that argues. "Ach'', "Hu Levado'' are [three] exclusions, that one may not reap, grind or sift on Yom Tov.

(R. Ze'ira citing R. Chiya bar Ashi): One who strains wine is liable for Borer.

(R. Ze'ira): This is unreasonable. Rather, he is liable for sifting.

(R. Yonah and R. Yosi): Originally we used to say that R. Zeira said properly. Just like one who sifts, Kemach (regular flour) is above and Soles (fine flour) is below, also straining, wine is below and dregs are above.

Note: Avos 5:15 says oppositely, that a sieve lets out Kemach and keeps the Soles! (Soles are bigger pieces. One grinds them to get fine flour.) Perhaps here we discuss ground Soles that was mixed with Kemach, and it is put in a fine sieve that keeps the Kemach. Rashi in Avos says that the text says "it keeps the Soles.'' This connotes that there was a text that said oppositely; perhaps the Yerushalmi had that text.

Retraction (R. Yonah and R. Yosi): We were totally wrong! What is the reason? Bereirah was permitted [on Yom Tov], and straining was permitted. Bereirah was permitted - one may select normally in his garment or in a plate. Straining was permitted - one may put [wine] into a hanging strainer on Yom Tov. There was no Heter for sifting;

(R. Chanina ben Yasa citing Rav Yehudah): We do not sift Kemach (that was sifted before Yom Tov) a second time [on Yom Tov, i.e. normally], but we may sift it [through passing it] through the back of the sieve.

If you will say that straining is sifting, it should be forbidden!

(R. Yosi bei R. Bun): Perhaps this [Heter through the back of the sieve] is like R. Yehudah, for it was taught in the name of R. Yudah "but they permitted Machshirei Ochel Nefesh.''

Question: May one resift flour through the back of the sieve, like Rabanan? (We explained this somewhat, but not totally, like MEICHAL HA'MAYIM.)

(Mishnah): And one who grinds.

One who crushes salt, earthenware or peppers is liable for grinding.

One who sifts bran, sand or earth is liable for sifting.

One who kneads bran, earth, ingredients [for a salve for the eye] is liable for kneading.

One who kneads, smooths [the dough with water] or arranges [dough into loaves], all of them are [liable on Shabbos] due to kneading.

Question (R. Ba bar Mamal): There (the Isur to ferment Menachos), it says that he is liable for kneading, arranging and baking, and here you say so (that arranging is due to kneading)?!

Answer: There, there is reason to divide (the Torah said that one is liable for fermenting, and added an Isur to bake Chametz, to teach that one is liable for each act by itself). Here, he is liable only once.

Question: You see that baking is a Toldah of cooking (in the Mishkan they cooked ingredients, but did not bake). Why do you say so (the Mishnah says that baking is the Av)?

Answer: It is because we taught the order of [making and baking] a dough, it taught [baking] with them.

One who heats Girakdin wood (and sap exudes), melt [congealed] Kilus oil, pitch or Musarin [is liable for cooking - PNEI MEIR].

(R. Avahu citing R. Yosi bar Chaninah): One who melts lead is liable for cooking.

One who roasts, fries, overcooks or smokes (e.g. meat) - all are liable for cooking.

Question: If one cooked in Chamei (hot spring water of) Tiverya, what is the law?

Answer: Chizkiyah forbids, and R. Yochanan permits.

(R. Mana): I went to Kisarin and I heard R. Zerikan citing Chizkiyah that Chizkiyah was unsure about this.

Question: [According to Chizkiyah,] if Korban Pesach was cooked in Chamei Tiverya, what is the law? (If one roasts it afterwards, may one eat it?)

Answer: Two Amora'im argued about this - one forbade and one permitted;

The one who forbade learns from "Al Tochlu Mimenu Na u'Mevushal ba'Mayim'' (also this is called Mevushal). The one who permitted learns from "Ki Im Tzli Esh Rosho Al Kera'av v'Al Kirbo'' (the only processing through fire was roasting. We explained this like PNEI MEIR.)

All the Shi'urim [of Avos Melachos] - if they are for [human] food, it is k'Grogeres. If it is for an animal, it is enough to fill a kid's mouth.

Note: Mishnah 4 below says that the Shi'ur for foods proper for a cow, camel or lamb is enough to fill that animal's mouth. Perhaps here it means, what is proper for all animals, it is enough to fill a kid's mouth.

If it is [fuel] to cook, it is enough to cook an easy egg [to cook, i.e. a chicken egg]. If it is for weaving, it is like a full Sit (the distance one can separate his middle and index fingers). If it is for spinning, it is like a full double-Sit (the distance one can separate his thumb from his index finger).

(Mishnah): One who shears wool.

Question: If one sheared Stam (he did not specify whether it is for weaving or for spinning), what is the law?

Answer: We learn from the following [Beraisa]. If one was Motzi ink - if it was on a quill (i.e. Stam, he is liable for) enough to write two letters. If it was in order to correct [a mistake, the Shi'ur is] enough to correct one letter.

A Mishnah teaches that one who slaughters a Bechor, he makes a [smooth] place for the knife on each side, and detaches the hair, as long as he does not move it from its place (one may not shear a Bechor). Similarly, one who detaches hair to inspect a blemish [does not move it].

(R. Ila citing Reish Lakish): One who detaches [hair] from Kodshim is exempt.

(R. Yakov bar Acha): Reish Lakish taught like he taught elsewhere - [he and R. Yochanan] argued about this. One who detaches from Kodshim - R. Yochanan obligates and Reish Lakish exempts.

Question (R. Yirmeyah): Reish Lakish contradicts himself! One who plucks feathers from a bird, removes hair from the feather and cuts off the end, he is liable three times, and Reish Lakish said that plucking is liable for shearing, removes hair is liable for smoothing, and cutting off the end is liable for Makeh b'Patish!

Answer (R. Yosi bei R. Bun): There is no contradiction. A bird, which has no [wool] shearings, plucking is its shearing. However, here (an animal), detaching is not its shearing.

Support (Beraisa): If one detached from a dead [bird; the same applies to a live bird - PNEI MEIR], he is liable. Detaching is its shearing.

(Mishnah): One who launders it.

One who rubs wood with sulfur to make Kelim, or [rubs] ropes in order to make a garment of the bathhouse (PNEI MEIR), or a woman who puts a mudpack on her face, or on fabric, and a tailor who puts a thread in his mouth [all of these whiten; they are Toldos of laundering].

(Rav Kohen citing Rabanan of Kisarin): Mainton (a rock woven into a garment; it is cleansed only through fire), one is liable for it for laundering (BI'UR HALACHAH 302:9 DH Mutar).

(Mishnah): One who is Menafes (bangs wool to crush and remove impurities; alternatively, separates clumps into fibers; alternatively, brushes and combs it; this is another form of the word Menafetz).

One who is Menafes shoots that grows around palm trees, palm leaves or reeds, is liable for Menafes.