(Mishnah): If one threw something four Amos at a wall, if this was above 10, it is as if he threw in the air (he is exempt);

If this was below 10, it is as if he threw on the ground. If one threw four Amos on the ground, he is liable.

If one threw within four Amos and it was Misgalgel (rolled; Rashi - was blown) outside of four Amos, he is exempt. If he threw outside of four Amos and it was Misgalgel inside four Amos, he is liable.

(Gemara): Our Mishnah discusses when there is no hole there [in the wall]. If there is a hole, R. Meir and Chachamim argue about this;

According to R. Meir, whether [the hole is at least] four by four [Tefachim], or it is not four by four, you view the wall as if [above the hole] was cut off [and one is liable for throwing from Reshus ha'Rabim to Reshus ha'Yachid];

According to Chachamim, if it is four by four, you view the wall as if [above] was cut off. If it is not four by four, you do not view the wall as if [above] was cut off, rather, it is sealed [and the interior is not Reshus ha'Yachid - PNEI MEIR].

(Rav Chisda): (Why is he liable when he threw below 10?) The case is, [it rested on] an inclined top of the wall.

Question: Is it not destined to come down?! (Why is he liable?)

Answer (R. Chiyah citing R. Yochanan): The case is, it is a thick fig cake, and it flattened.

Question (R. Chagai, to R. Yosah): Does this not teach that an inclined step is like below (like the ground?! Regarding Kil'ayim, we say that if an incline is 10 above the ground, we are not concerned if a different species is planted next to it below!)

Answer (R. Yosah): There, plants benefit from (take root in) the step (they will remain there). However, here it is normal that people rub against it, and it falls.

Had he said that [our Mishnah] is when there is a hole there, and it rests in the hole, just like plants rest in the step, it would be fine (to derive that an inclined step is like below, and he would have a proper question).

(R. Yosah citing R. Avahu citing R. Yochanan): The place where it landed was inclined. (He is liable even though it did not rest there);

This is like our Mishnah taught, if one threw outside of four Amos, and it rolled inside four Amos, he is liable.

Rebuttal (R. Chizkiyah citing R. Avahu citing R. Yochanan): The case is, it rested [before it rolled back inside four Amos. We explained R. Yosah's answer and the rejection like MEROMEI SADEH.]

(Mishnah): If one throws four Amos at sea, he is exempt;

If there was a puddle that Reshus ha'Rabim goes through it, one who throws four Amos in it is liable.

How much is a puddle? It is less than 10 Tefachim.

A puddle that Reshus ha'Rabim goes through it, if one throws four Amos in it, he is liable.

(Gemara): Not only one who throws four Amos at sea is exempt. Rather, even if he threw in the entire sea, he is exempt, for the entire sea is called Karmelis.

Question: Why was it taught twice (a puddle that Reshus ha'Rabim goes through it, one who throws four Amos in it is Chayav)?

(R. Chaninah citing R. Pinchas): When there were two puddles - one of them, the Rabim walk through, and one of them, the Rabim walk through only when they are cramped;

One should not say that since the Rabim walk through only when they are cramped, it is not Reshus ha'Rabim, rather, Reshus ha'Yachid - therefore [our Mishnah] needs to say that it is Reshus ha'Rabim.