(Mishnah): One may not use his hand to move straw on a bed, but he may move it with his body;

If the straw was food for animals, or if a sheet or blanket was spread over it [before Shabbos], he may move it with his hand.

One may open a commoner's press (a pair of boards between which clothes are pressed), but he may not close it [on clothes];

One may not touch a launderer's press.

R. Yehudah says, if it was [slightly] open from before Shabbos, he may open it entirely and remove the garment.

(Gemara): Our Mishnah discusses when he did not sleep on it [before Shabbos], but if he slept on it, it is like [the bed - RADAL] itself.

Question (R. Yakov bar Idi): Early Chachamim used to ask, may one move it through his elbows?

Remark (R. Yanai): [This is like people say -] tear out hair of one who has a bald patch [so he will be totally bald]. If robbers robbed someone, they take from him what remained. Pour cold water on one who is chilled. If one's house fell [and the boundary is not clear], his neighbor widens his boundary [and takes from him. Also here, poverty pursues the poor - perhaps we are stringent on this poor man who lacks a proper bed, and sleeps on straw!]

(R. Chiya - Beraisa): [The question about] this law is [only for] an Oni [who lacks a proper bed. Surely we are not lenient for an Ashir! We explained this partially like SHA'AREI TORAS ERETZ YISRAEL.]

(Beraisa): Chachamim agree with R. Meir about ropes tied on covers over land, that one may move [the knot to cause it to open], unravel, untie and cut them [on Yom Tov]; on Shabbos one may move, but not unravel, untie or cut;

Ropes tied on Kelim, on Shabbos it is permitted, and there is no need to teach [that it is permitted] on Yom Tov.

Inference: A press, [Chachamim] made it like land (it is forbidden on Shabbos. OHR SOMAYACH, Hilchos Shabbos 26:12 - opening it is like destroying something attached.)

Support (R. Yosi - Mishnah): [A press] of launderers, one may not touch it.

(Mishnah): One may carry a child holding a rock, or a basket with a rock inside;

One may move Tamei Terumah with Tahor Terumah or with Chulin;

(Meduma is a mixture of Terumah and Chulin. If there is least 100 times as much Chulin as Terumah, we Ma'aleh (remove) an amount equal to the Terumah, consider it to be Terumah, and the rest is permitted like Chulin.) R. Yehudah says, we may even Ma'aleh Meduma if there is at least 101 [volumes of mixture per volume of Terumah].

(Mishnah): If a rock is on a barrel, one tilts the barrel and the rock falls;

If [he cannot do so because] it is between other barrels, he picks it up and tilts it and the rock falls.

If coins are on a pillow, he shakes the pillow and they fall off.

If there was filth on the pillow, he may clean it with a rag;

If it is of leather, he may pour water on it until it is clean (but does not properly wash it).

(Mishnah - Beis Hillel): We may remove bones and peels from the table;

Beis Shamai say, we take the entire Tavla (a board placed over the table), and shake it (casting them off).

We remove from the table crumbs less than a k'Zayis, and the pods (Aruch - and chaff and sprigs) of peas and of lentils, for animals eat them.

If a sponge has a leather handle, one may clean with it; if not, not (he would surely squeeze between his fingers);

Version #1: In either case one may take it on Shabbos; it is not Mekabel Tum'ah.

Version #2: Chachamim say, in either case one may use and take it on Shabbos; it is not Mekabel Tum'ah.

(Mishnah): If a barrel broke, one may save food for three meals; he may tell others to save for themselves, as long as he does not soak up.

We may not squeeze fruit to extract the juice; if the juice came out by itself, it is forbidden [on Shabbos];

R. Yehudah says, if the owner planned to eat the fruit, the juice is permitted; if he planned to extract the juice, it is forbidden.

If cakes of honey were crushed before Shabbos and the honey flowed out on Shabbos, it is forbidden;

R. Elazar permits.

(Mishnah): If any food was soaked [and fully cooked] in hot water [in a Kli Rishon] before Shabbos, one may soak it in hot water on Shabbos;

If it was not soaked in hot water before Shabbos, one may pour hot water over it (Rashbam - from a Kli Rishon; R. Tam - from a Kli Sheni) on Shabbos, except for old salted fish or tuna fish, for rinsing them is their final Melachah (preparation).

(Mishnah): One may break a barrel to eat the dry figs inside, as long as he does not intend to make a Kli (i.e. a nice opening);

R. Yehudah says, one may not puncture the cork of a barrel;

Chachamim permit.

One may not puncture it from the side;

If it was punctured, one may not place wax on it because he smoothens it [the Melachah of Memarei'ach).

R. Yehudah says, a case occurred - R. Yochanan ben Zakai said that he suspects that he is Chayav Chatas.

(Mishnah): One may put a Tavshil in a pit [on Shabbos] so it will not spoil [in the sun].

One may put good (drinkable) water [in a Kli] in bad water to cool the good water;

One may put cold water in the sun to warm up.

If one's clothes became soaked in water on the road, he may continue, this is no problem;

When he reaches the outer gate [of the entrance to the city, a guarded place], he spreads them out to dry in the sun, but not in front of people.

(Mishnah): If one bathed in a cave or in the springs of Tiverya and wiped himself, even if he used 10 towels, he may not take them [with him, even if there is an Eiruv, lest he squeeze them];

However, even 10 people may use the same towel to wipe their hands, feet and face (or even their whole bodies, just this is uncommon, for it would be too wet), and take the towel.

We may anoint and massage [for pleasure], but one may not rub hard or scratch himself with Magredes (a comb used for horses, for this is a weekday act).

One may not descend to Kordima (a certain river) or make Afiktizin [to make himself vomit];

One may not straighten limbs or vertebrae of a baby, or reset a broken bone;

If the hand or leg bone was dislocated, he may not shake (alternatively - rub, or shower) it in water, but he may wash normally; if it heals, this is no problem.

(Mishnah): Reuven may Sho'el (borrow) barrels of wine or oil from his friend, as long as he does not say 'Halveni';

Similarly, a woman may Sho'el loaves from her friend [but may not say 'Halveni'].

If the lender does not trust Reuven, Reuven leaves his Talis with him, and they calculate [the value of what was lent] after Shabbos.

Similarly, when Erev Pesach is on Shabbos one [who needs to buy Korban Pesach] leaves his Talis with the seller, and they make a calculation after Yom Tov.

(Mishnah): One may count his guests and courses by heart, but he may not read [from a list].

One may make a lottery [to determine who gets which portion] with his sons and household at the table, as long as he does not intend to make some portions bigger than others.

We may make a lottery [among Kohanim] regarding Kodshim on Yom Tov, but not regarding the portions (this will be explained).

(Mishnah): One may not hire workers on Shabbos;

[On Shabbos,] one may not ask his friend to hire workers for him;

One may not Machshich on the Techum (towards the end of Shabbos go to the end of the Techum, i.e. as far from the city as is permitted) to hire workers or to bring produce [from outside the Techum];

One may Machshich [on the Techum] to guard produce - he may return with produce.

Aba Sha'ul says, the general rule is - if [on Shabbos] one may ask someone to do something [after Shabbos], he may Machshich for it.

(Mishnah): One may Machshich to attend to the needs of a bride or a Mes, to bring a coffin or shrouds;

If a Nochri brought flutes on Shabbos, one may not eulogize with them unless they came from a nearby place (inside the Techum).

If [Nochrim] made a coffin or dug a grave [for a Nochri or to sell], a Yisrael may be buried in it;

If they made it for a Yisrael, no Yisrael may ever be buried in it.

(Mishnah): [On Shabbos] we may do all needs of a Mes, e.g. anointing and rinsing, as long as we do not move a limb;

One may remove the pillow from underneath it, so it will be on the [cold] sand [and not decay so quickly].

We may tie the jaw to prevent the mouth from opening more, but not to close it.

Similarly, if a beam [supporting the ceiling] broke, we may put a bench or bed board (Kelim that one may move) there to prevent the ceiling from falling more, but not to raise it [for this would be building].

We may not close the eyes of a Mes;

Even on a weekday one may not close the eyes of one about to die - one who does so murders (it hastens death).

(Mishnah): If one was on the road when Shabbos was about to come, he may give his wallet to a Nochri [before Shabbos, to take it home for him];

If no Nochri is around, he puts it on his donkey; when he reaches the outer gate [of the city], he removes from the donkey Kelim which may be moved on Shabbos, and unties the ropes [holding up sacks with Muktzeh], the sacks fall by themselves.

(Mishnah): One may untie Peki'ei (bundles of) straw in front of an animal and spread out Kipin, but not Zirin (these will be explained);

One may not [finely] cut fodder or carobs for a Gasah or Dakah (big (work) animal or small animal);

R. Yehudah permits cutting carobs for a small animal.

(Mishnah): We may not Oves a camel [force food down its throat] or press food into its throat, but Mal'itim (this and the coming terms will be defined);

We may not Ma'amir calves, but Mal'itim and Mehalketim chickens, and we may put water in their bran, but we may not knead it;

We may not put water in front of bees or doves in a dovecote, but we may put in front of geese, chickens and domestic doves.

(Mishnah): We may cut gourds in front of animals, and a carcass in front of dogs [on Shabbos];

R. Yehudah says, if it was not dead when Shabbos began, we may not cut it, since it was not prepared.

(Mishnah): Mefirim (a husband or father may annul) vows on Shabbos, and Nish'alim on vows (we request a Chacham or Beis Din to permit them), if they are for the need of Shabbos.

One may plug up a Ma'or (a hole in a wall for light);

One may measure a rag or Mikveh;

A case occurred in the days of R. Tzadok's father and Aba Sha'ul ben Bitnis, they plugged a Ma'or with a flask, and tied a jug with a reed to determine whether or not there was a Tefach in [a crack in] a basket - we learn from this that it is permitted to plug, measure and tie on Shabbos.