1)

(a)The Beraisa continues with its various interpretations of "mi'Devar Sheker Tirchak", and includes the case of a Din Merumeh - where the Dayan understands from the words of one of the litiganta that he is lying, yet he rules in his favor, based on the testimony of the witnesses, placing the blame on their shoulders.

(b)And the Tana applies the Pasuk to a Talmid sitting in front of his Rebbe, who will contravene this Asei if he remains silent - after seeing a 'Z'chus' on behalf of a poor man (a point in his favor) or a 'Chov' on the part of a rich one (a point proving his claim false).

(c)In order to fulfill the Mitzvah in question, if a Talmid perceives his Rebbe issuing an erroneous ruling - he should ...

1. ... speak up immediately.

2. ... not wait for him to finish his discourse, in order to resume from scratch, so that the entire ruling will be ascribed to him.

2)

(a)According to the original text, the Beraisa forbids a Talmid to become a second witness to testify that his Rebbe lent someone money, even if his Rebbe reminds him that he would not lie if he was offered a hundred Manah, as long as he himself did not actually witness the loan.

(b)If he does, he will transgress - "mi'Devar Sheker Tirchak".

(c)The problem with that is that - he will anyway contravene the La'av of "Lo Sa'aneh be'Re'acha Eid Shaker" (in the Aseres ha'Dibros), so why is the point of the additional Azharah of "mi'Devar Sheker Tirchak"!

(d)We therefore amend the Beraisa to read - that his Rebbe asked him to just stand with the first witness without actually testifying (in which case "Lo Sa'aneh" will not apply).

3)

(a)The reason that ...

1. ... a creditor would claim two hundred Zuz from someone who owes him a Manah, knowing that the defendant will swear and only pay a hundred anyway might be - in order to apply the principle of 'Gilgul Shevu'ah' (where one can force someone who owes him a Shevu'ah anyway, to swear on another claim that he has against him).

2. ... a debtor would deny a claim in Beis-Din with the intention of admitting to it outside Beis-Din might be - in order to avoid having to swear on another claim (via a Gilgul Shevu'ah).

(b)Both of these are forbidden - because of "mi'Devar Sheker Tirchak".

(c)If three people lent one person money, one of them appearing in Beis-Din as the creditor, the other two as witnesses, to obtain the money that is rightfully theirs - is forbidden, because the Torah writes "mi'Devar Sheker Tirchak".

4)

(a)If one litigant arrives in a smart suit, and the other in tatters - Beis-Din give the former the option of either wearing tatters or lending his opponent a smart suit like his own.

(b)The source of this Halachah is - "mi'Devar Sheker Tirchak" (because a litigant in tatters will become tongue-tied when he sees how important the other one looks).

(c)Rava bar Rav Huna would instruct litigants who arrived in court wearing expensive socks - to change into regular ones before their case opened.

5)

(a)The Beraisa incorporates a Dayan hearing out a litigant or of the litigant stating his case to the Dayan, before his fellow litigant has arrived in "mi'Devar Sheker Tirchak". Rav Kahana learns the latter from the Pasuk in Mishpatim "Lo Sisa Sheima Shav" (which we read as 'Lo Sasi" a prohibition against causing falsehoods to be said).

(b)Rav applies the Pasuk "va'Asher Lo Tov Asah" to someone who claims money by means of a Harsha'ah - where Shimon receives the power of attorney from Reuven to claim his debt from Levi.

(c)It is not correct to do that - (assuming that Reuven asks Shimon to do it because he is more powerful than Shimon [see Tosfos DH 'Zeh ha'Ba ... ']) because he is entering into a Machlokes that does not concern him.

(d)Shmuel interprets the Pasuk with regard to - the sale of property which a third party claims belongs to him.

6)

(a)We learned in our Mishnah that Shevu'as ha'Eidus is confined to people who are fit to testify. According to Rav Papa, this precludes a king, who is disqualified - because testifying entails standing before the judge, and this would detract from the awe of the king's majesty, in contravention of the Pasuk in Shoftim "Som Tasim alecha Melech" (from which Chazal derive 'she'Tehei Eimaso alecha').

(b)According to Rav Acha bar Ya'akov, it precludes a gambler, who is Pasul - either because of the principle 'Asmachta Lo Kanya', causing the winner to acquire illegally (against the will of the loser), or because Chazal disqualified him due to his irregular lifestyle.

(c)Even though Rav Acha bar Ya'akov agrees with Rav Papa, Rav Papa does not agree with Rav Acha bar Ya'akov - because a gambler is only Pasul mi'de'Rabbanan (as opposed to a king, who is Pasul min ha'Torah [as we explained]).

(d)Assuming that a gambler is Pasul because he does not acquire the money legally, he is not Pasul mi'd'Oraysa - since the Torah only disqualifies a robber who steals by force.

7)

(a)We learned in our Mishnah, in connection with Shevu'as ha'Eidus, the Machlokes between Rebbi Meir ('bi'Fenei Beis-Din ve'she'Lo bi'Fenei Beis-Din') and the Chachamim ('ad she'Yachperu be'Veis-Din'). The Rabbanan explained to Rav Papa that the Machlokes is based on whether we say 'Don Minah u'Minah' or 'Don Minah ve'Ukeih be'Asrah', which means that - once we learn a. from b., we learn it together with all its details.

(b)According to them, we learn Shevu'as ha'Eidus from Shevu'as ha'Pikadon (with a 'Gezeirah-Shavah' "Secheta" "Secheta", and Rebbi Meir now learns from Shevu'as ha'Pikadon that - Shevu'as ha'Eidus even extends to outside Beis-Din too.

(c)After learning Shevu'as ha'Eidus from Shevu'as ha'Pikadon 'mi'Pi Atzmo', the Chachamim hold - 'Don Minah ve'Uki be'Asrah', which means that even though we learn 'mi'Pi Atzmo' from Shevu'as ha'Pikadon, 'the buck stops there', and like 'mi'Pi Acherim', it only applies in front of Beis-Din.

(d)Rav Papa disagrees with the Rabbanan. In his opinion, the Chachamim learn 'mi'Pi Atzmo' (not from the 'Gezeirah-Shavah', but) - from a 'Kal va'Chomer' from 'mi'Pi Acherim, whereas ...

(e)... in principle - they too hold 'Don Minah u'Minah', like Rebbi Meir.

8)

(a)In the Mishnah in Shevu'as ha'Pikadon, Rebbi Meir incorporates all cases (ba'Anashim u've'Nashim ... mi'Pi Atzmo and mi'Pi Acherim') in 'Shevu'as ha'Pikadon', provided the latter takes place in front of Beis-Din. The Chachamim hold that - 'mi'Pi Acherim is valid even outside Beis-Din.

(b)Bearing in mind that by Shevu'as ha'Pikadon, the Torah writes "Asher Yishava alav la'Shaker" (implying 'al-Pi Atzmo'), the Rabbanan must learn 'mi'Pi Acherim from a 'Gezeirah-Shavah', not from a 'Kal va'Chomer from 'mi'Pi Atzmo' - because it is 'Mushba mi'Pi Atzmo' that is more stringent than mi'Pi Acherim (and not vice-versa) ...

(c)... and the basis of their Machlokes with Rebbi Meir must be - whether we say 'Don Minah u'Minah' (Rebbi Meir), or 'Don Minah ve'Ukeih be'Asrah' (the Rabbanan [the interpretation that Rav Papa just rejected]).

(d)When the Rabbanan proved to Rav Papa from here that the Chachamim's reasoning is based on the principle of 'Don Minah ve'Ukeih be'Asrah' and not on a 'Kal va'Chomer (as he maintained) - he conceded that, yes, they had a sound proof from there, but not from our Mishnah, as he explained earlier.

9)

(a)We learned in our Mishnah that Shevu'as ha'Eidus is ...

1. ... Chayav a Korban for Z'don Shevu'ah. Despite the fact that the other cases comprising Korban Oleh ve'Yored (Shevu'as Bituy and Tum'as Mikdash) are only Chayav for a Shogeg, we know that Shevu'as ha'Eidus is different - because the Torah does not write "ve'Ne'elam" in connection with it (like it does by the other cases).

2. ... not Chayav for a pure Shogeg (if at the time when the witnesses swore, they genuinely forgot that they had witnesses whatever it was that they were asked to testify on), then they are Patur. Nevertheless, in Perek Shevu'as Shetayim, Rav needed to inform Rav Kahana and Rav Asi that whoever had misquoted him in this matter did not need to worry. They could not have learned it from our Mishnah - which is different because the Torah does not write "ve'Ne'elam" (as we just explained), and we would have thought that specifically there, one would be Patur, because it is not similar to 'Meizid'. But by a Shevu'as Bituy, which is Chayav for a Shogeg, one would be Chayav for every level of Shogeg.

10)

(a)We have already discussed the issue of 'mi'Pi Atzmo u'mi'Pi Acherim'. We can infer from our Mishnah that in a case where, following the witnesses denial, the litigant makes an oath and they remain silent, or repeat that they know nothing about it - they are Patur (unless they respond with 'Amen').

(b)If the litigant makes the witnesses swear outside Beis-Din and they answer 'Amen', but then admit in front of Beis-Din that they do know the testimony - they are Patur, because only a denial in front of Beis-Din counts as a denial.

(c)If the litigant makes the witnesses swear five Shevu'os outside Beis-Din, which they deny in front of Beis-Din, the Tana obligates them to bring five Korbanos; whereas should they deny the five Shevu'os that he obligates them to make in front of Beis-Din - they are Chayav only one Korban.

(d)Rebbi Shimon bases this latter ruling on the principle - 'Keivan she'Higid, Shuv Eino Chozer u'Magid'. Consequently, the first denial disqualifies them from testifying, and all subsequent denials are meaningless.

(e)If both witnesses testify together, they are Chayav. Our Mishnah rules, that in a case where ...

1. ... one denies and the other admits - the former is Chayav, the latter, Patur.

2. ... first one pair of witnesses deny knowledge of the testimony, and then a second pair do likewise - both pairs are Chayav (All this will be explained later in the Sugya).

11)

(a)In a case where the witnesses face the litigant who has been running after them and, before he has a chance to say anything, they swear that they know nothing, Shmuel rules - that they are Patur from a Korban, since they are only Chayav following the litigant's claim.

(b)The Mishnah will later rule that, if a litigant sends his Eved to fetch the witnesses, and he makes them swear, or if the defendant does so on behalf of the claimant - they are Patur.

(c)In spite of this Mishnah, Shmuel is coming to teach us that - running after the witnesses does not constitute claiming from them.