Question (R. Masyah ben Charash, to R. Lazar ben Azaryah): Did you hear the four divisions of Kaparah that R. Yishmael used to expound?

Answer (R. Elazar ben Azaryah): There are three, excluding Teshuvah. One verse says "Shuvu Banim Shovavim", and another verse says "Ki va'Yom ha'Zeh Yechaper Aleichem", and another verse says "u'Fakadti va'Shevet Pish'am", and another verse says "Im Yechupar ha'Avon ha'Zeh Lachem Ad Temusun",

How [do we resolve them]? If he transgressed a Mitzvas Aseh and repented, he does not budge from his place before [Hash-m] pardons him. About him it says "Shuvu Banim Shovavim...";

One who transgressed a Lav and repented, immediately Teshuvah suspends, and Yom Kipur atones for him. About him it says "Ki va'Yom ha'Zeh Yechaper Aleichem."

One who transgressed Kerisos or Misos Beis Din b'Mezid, Teshuvah and Yom Kipur atone half, and afflictions atone half. About him it says "u'Fakadti va'Shevet Pish'am uva'Nega'im Avonam";

However, one through whom Shem Shamayim was desecrated, Teshuvah is not able to suspend, Yom Kipur cannot atone, and afflictions cannot cleanse. Rather, Teshuvah and Yom Kipur suspend, and Misah cleanses with afflictions;

It says about him "Im Yechupar ha'Avon ha'Zeh Lachem Ad Temusun." This teaches that Misah completes.

(R. Yochanan): This is the opinion of R. Elazar ben Azaryah and R. Yishmael, but Chachamim say that Se'ir ha'Mishtale'ach atones. If there is no Se'ir, Yom Kipur atones.

Question: How [much of the day is needed to] atone?

Answer #1 (R. Zeira): Any amount [of the day atones].

Answer #2 (R. Chananyah): It atones at the end.

What do they differ about? If one died immediately (i.e. on Yom Kipur), according to R. Zeira it already atoned. According to R. Chananyah it did not atone.

(R. Ze'irah): A Beraisa supports R. Chananyah. There is a stringency in the goat not found in Yom Kipur, and [a stringency] in Yom Kipur not found in the goat. Yom Kipur atones without the goat, but the goat atones only with Yom Kipur;

[There is a stringency in the goat -] the goat atones immediately, but Yom Kipur atones only after dark.

Rebuttal (R. Huna): I asked this in front of R. Yirmeyah, and he said "you can answer that the case is, [the goat became Pasul, and] they intended to bring another goat, and they did not bring. (As long as they intend to bring a goat, Yom Kipur does not atone by itself. We explained this like PNEI MOSHE.)

Objection (R. Yosi): Doesn't Hash-m see the future [that they will not bring another goat? According to R. Zeira, the day] should atone immediately!

Question (R. Yirmeyah citing R. Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak): "Tzedakah Titzor Tam Darech [v'Rish'ah Tesalef Chatas]", "Chata'im Teradef Ra'ah", "Raglei Chasidav Yishmor", "Im la'Letzim Hu Yalitz" (These imply that Hash-m guides Tzadikim to do Mitzvos, and Resha'im to do Aveiros.) Does [Hash-m] make a fence and close the gate [in front of Resha'im, to withhold Mitzvos from them]?

Answer: Yes, He makes a fence and closes the gate, like R. Yirmeyah taught in the name of R. Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak. If a person guards himself from Aveirah the first, second and third times, from now and onwards Hash-m guards him. (And if one accustoms himself to sin the first, second and third times, evil will pursue him.)

Source: "Hen Kol Eleh Yif'al Kel Pa'amayim Shalosh Im Gaver" (Hash-m will do all this if a person guarded himself three times).

(R. Zeira): This is as long as he does not retract [from his righteousness]. "Veha'Chut ha'Meshulash Lo vi'Mherah Yenatek." It does not say 'l'Olam', rather, "Lo vi'Mherah Yenatek." If one pulls on it (he retracts from his righteousness), it will snap (he will not be guarded).

(Rav Huna citing R. Avahu): There is no forgetting in front of Hash-m. It is as if for the sake of Yisrael, Hash-m becomes forgetful (he overlooks one Aveirah, in order that merits will outweigh Aveiros). We learn from "Nosei Avon" - it is written [lacking a Vov, like] 'Nasa' (like Nashisi, which refers to forgetting. SHIREI KORBAN - this is the verse in Shmos 34:7.)

Support: Similarly, David said "Nasasa Avon Amecha Kisisa Chol Chatasam Sela."

(Mishnah): Yisraelim, Kohanim and a Kohen Mashi'ach (anointed with Shemen ha'Mishchah) are the same [Se'ir ha'Mishtale'ach atones for them for other Aveiros];

However, [the difference between them is that] the bull (of Yom Kipur) atones for the Kohanim for Tum'ah in the Mikdash or with Kodshim.

R. Shimon says, just like blood of the inner goat atones for Yisrael, so the blood of the bull atones for Kohanim;

Just like the confession said over the goat sent to Azazel atones for Yisrael, so the confession said over the bull atones for Kohanim.

(Gemara) Question: [The first Tana began "Yisraelim, Kohanim and a Kohen Mashi'ach are the same." In the Seifa,] he did not mention a Mashi'ach. Why did he not mention a Mashi'ach? (RIDVAZ)

[Granted,] if we discuss something that has a Chiyuv Korban, it is fine that it did not teach Mashi'ach (for the Yerushalmi holds that a Mashi'ach is exempt for Tum'as Mikdash v'Kodoshav);

[However,] if we discuss something that has no Chiyuv Korban, why wasn't a Mashi'ach taught?

Question: A Beraisa was found that teaches Kohen Mashi'ach. This teaches that we discuss a matter without a Chiyuv Korban!

Answer (R. Yosi bei R. Bun): You can even say that we discuss a matter with a Chiyuv Korban! [The Kaparah through Se'ir ha'Mishtale'ach is] like for Mezid;

This is like you say, that Mezid needs Kaparah [of Se'ir ha'Mishtale'ach] and Kaparah of Yom Kipur, and so here he needs Kaparah and Kaparah of Yom Kipur. (There is no source to distinguish Kaparah for a Kohen Mashi'ach regarding Mezid. We explained this like HAGAHOS R. DINAR.)

"Ya'amad Chai" teaches that [Se'ir ha'Mishtale'ach] is destined to die.

Question: Until when must it be alive?

Answer #1: It is until "v'Chilah mi'Kaper Es ha'Kodesh" (Matanos Dam of the inner goat). R. Yehudah says so;

Answer #2 (R. Shimon): It is until [and including] the time of Viduy.

According to R. Yehudah, Viduy is not Me'akev. According to R. Shimon, Viduy is Me'akev.

Question: What do they argue about?

Answer #1: If he sent it without Viduy - R. Yehudah says that he need not bring another goat, and R. Shimon says that he must bring another goat.

Answer #2: Also the bull is like this. If he slaughtered it without Viduy - R. Yehudah says that he need not bring another Par, and R. Shimon says that he must bring another Par.

Question: If he confessed, slaughtered it and the blood spilled - you say that [all agree that] he must bring another Par (Zerikah is Me'akev. According to R. Shimon,) must he confess a second time, or was he Yotzei through the first Viduy?

Question: We can ask similarly about Se'ir ha'Mishtale'ach. Must he do another lottery, or was he Yotzei through that of the first? (We explained this like KORBAN HA'EDAH.)