(Mishnah): If one brought a Get (document of divorce) from overseas and said 'It was written and signed in front of me', he may not marry the man's [ex-]wife. (There was an enactment that this declaration validates the Get.)

If a man says 'Leah's husband died', 'I killed him' or 'we killed him', he may not marry her;

R. Yehudah says, if he says 'I killed him', she may not remarry. If he says 'We killed him', she may marry.

(Gemara) Question: (A Mishnah teaches that if one does not remember to whom he was Mekadesh his daughter, and David came and said 'it was to me', he is believed.) For what is he believed?

Answer #1 (Shmuel): He is believed to divorce her. (Had he not been Mekadesh her, he would not divorce her and make others think that she is permitted, for one does not sin unless he hopes to benefit from it.)

Answer #2 (Rav Asi): He is believed [even] to marry her.

Support (Rav Huna citing Rav): He is believed to marry her.

(R. Yochanan): He is believed to marry her, but we do not learn another matter from this.

Question: What does it mean 'we do not learn another matter from this'?

Answer: If one said 'I sold one of my fields, and I do not know to whom I sold it, and another came and said 'I am the one who bought it', he is not believed.

Also regarding Kidushin it is so. [If one said] 'I was Mekadesh one of my daughters, and I do not know to whom I was Mekadesh her', and David came and said 'I was Mekadesh her', he is not believed.

Question (against Rav - Mishnah): If one brought a Get from overseas and said 'it was written and signed in front of me', he may not marry his wife (the one to whom he gave the Get).

Answer: There, she was established to all to be married. However, here she was established to be married only in front of two people (who saw the Kidushin. It is possible that) when they will come, they will say 'this is the one who was Mekadesh her.' (Ran on the Rif, 27a - they merely clarify the father's words.)

Question (against Shmuel - Mishnah): [If one does not know to whom he was his daughter, and] David said 'I was Mekadesh her', and Levi said 'I was Mekadesh her', both of them give a Get. If they want, one of them gives a Get and one of them marries her.

Answer: He explains that this is when [the father said] 'I was Mekadesh her to one of these two, and I do not know which.'

(R. Ze'ira citing R. Yosah citing R. Yochanan): If one of them prematurely married her (before the other gave a Get), we make him divorce her.

Limitation: This is when David said 'I was Mekadesh her', and Levi said 'I was Mekadesh her', and one of them prematurely married her;

However, if David said 'I was Mekadesh her', and he married her, and Levi came and said 'I was Mekadesh her', he is not believed [to forbid her to David].

Support (Beraisa): If after he married her, another came and said 'I was Mekadesh her', he is not believed. (RASHBA (63b) - the same applies if Levi came after Beis Din permitted him to marry her.)

Explanation: (R. Yehudah says that if one said 'I killed him', she may not remarry.) No matter what you will say, [she is forbidden]!

If he [truly] killed him, one who is suspected about a matter cannot testify about it (and all the more so a Rasha may not testify)! If he did not kill him, [her husband] is alive!

If he said 'we killed him', [we explain that] his colleagues killed him. She may marry others, but not him.

[Chachamim] said in front of R. Yehudah, a case occurred in which a bandit was caught in Kisarin in Kapudkiya. When he was being taken to be killed, he said 'go tell the wife of Shimon ben Kahana that I killed him when he entered Lud.' The case came in front of Chachamim, and they fulfilled his words (permitted her to remarry).

R. Yehudah: Do you bring a proof from there?! [The case was,] he did not say [I killed him], rather, 'we killed him'!

(Mishnah): If a Chacham forbade a woman to her husband due to a vow (he was unable to permit it), he may not marry her. If she did Mi'un or Chalitzah in front of him he may marry her, since he was part of a Beis Din.

In all these cases (when Reuven may not marry Leah because he permitted her to marry), if he had a wife and she died, he may then marry Leah;

In every case, if Leah married someone else and was widowed or divorced, Reuven may then marry her;

In all cases, Leah is permitted to Reuven's sons and brothers.

(Gemara): If a Chacham forbade a woman to her husband due to a vow, he may not marry her. I say that [perhaps] he intended for this from the beginning (he failed to find a Heter in order that her husband will need to divorce her, and he will marry her).

If she did Mi'un or Chalitzah in front of him he may marry her, since he was part of a Beis Din. Two are not prone to sin (permit her improperly) due to one [to enable the third judge to marry her].

(Mishnah): If one deposited Peros with his friend, even if they are perishing, [the Shomer] does not touch them;

R. Shimon ben Gamliel says, he sells them in front of Beis Din, for this is Hashavas Aveidah to the owner.

(Rav Acha bar Yakov citing R. Yochanan): The Halachah follows R. Shimon ben Gamliel.

Question: What does he do with the money?

Answer (Rav Yehudah): R. Akiva and R. Tarfon argue about [a Shomer Aveidah, and the same applies here. R. Akiva says that he may not use the money. R. Tarfon says that he may use it, in order that he will be a Shomer Sachar.]

(Beraisa): A Beis Din [that ruled that the Shomer should sell the Peros] may not buy [them, lest people say that this is why they ruled that he should sell them].

(R. Akiva (an Amora) citing R. Chiyah): In R. Shabtai's academy, they asked, here you say that if she did Mi'un or Chalitzah in front of him he may marry her, since he was part of a Beis Din, and here you say so (a Beis Din that ruled that he should sell the Peros may not buy them)?

Answer (R. Yosi): There, it is normal to divide a purchase (there is suspicion lest each member of Beis Din take a third). However, here, two are not prone to sin due to one.

(Mishnah): In all these cases (when Reuven may not marry Leah because he permitted her to marry), if he had a wife and she died, he may then marry Leah;

Limitation: This is only if [Reuven's wife] died, but if he divorced her, no.

(Mishnah): In every case, if Leah married someone else and was widowed or divorced, Reuven may then marry her.

This is because one is not prone to sin (permit her improperly) for later (perhaps she will remarry and be widowed or divorced and then want to marry the judge).

(Mishnah): In all cases, Leah is permitted to Reuven's children and brothers.

This is because one is not prone to sin for his sons, and not for his brothers.