Version #1 (our text, Rashi) Summation of question: There are eight similarities to a Bechor. We should learn from it!

Version #2 - Answer #1: There are fewer (six) similarities to a Bechor (the Aruch's text omits "animals received for a gift" and "in front"; Ritva - jointly owned animals and (animals received for) a gift are counted like one). Therefore, we learn from Ma'aser. (end of Version #2)

Answer (Aruch - Answer #2): The decisive similarity is that it does not apply to firstborns.

(Mishnah): Reishis ha'Gez applies only to sheep.

Question: What is the source of this?

Answer (Rav Chisda): We learn "Gizah-Gizah" from Iyov;

Just like there it refers to sheep - "umi'Gez Kevasai Yischamam" - also here.

Question: Why don't we learn "Gizah-Gizah" from Bechor (that it applies even to oxen)!

(Beraisa) Question: "Lo Sa'avod bi'Vechor Shorecha v'Lo Sagoz Bechor Tzonecha" - what is the source to forbid working with a Bechor Seh or shearing a Bechor ox?

Answer: "Lo Sa'avod... v'Lo Sagoz." (We apply what is said about each to the other.)

Answer: "Titen Lo" - give something that the Kohen can wear, but not ox hair, which is used to make sackcloth.

Question: Goats' wool (which one plucks off goats) can be used for garments. Reishis ha'Gez should apply to it!

Answer #1: The Torah discusses only Gizah (shearing), but not plucking.

Rejection: R. Yosi (below, 3:c-e) is the Tana who distinguishes between words that refer to detaching, and he says that the normal method (for each species) is included!

Answer #2: This is like R. Yehoshua ben Levi, who expounds "La'amod Leshares" - it must be fitting for the Techeles of the Kohanim's garments, i.e. sheep's wool.

Question: What do we learn from "Gizah-Gizah"?

Answer (Beraisa - Tana d'Vei R. Yishmael): Reishis ha'Gez does not apply to sheep whose wool is too hard to make garments (that give warmth) - "umi'Gez Kevasai Yischamam."

(Beraisa #1): If one shears goats or washes sheep (this causes wool to come off), Reishis ha'Gez does not apply;

Contradiction (Beraisa #2): If one shears goats, he is exempt from Reishis ha'Gez. If he washes sheep, he is liable.

Answer: Beraisa #1 is R. Yosi, Beraisa #2 is Chachamim.

(Beraisa): (One must leave for the poor) "Leket Ketzircha" (what falls during harvesting), but not Leket of Kituf (plucking);

R. Yosi says, "Leket" refers only to what comes through Ketzirah.

Question: The first Tana also says so!

Answer: The entire Beraisa is R. Yosi. He says "this is because 'Leket' refers only to what comes through Ketzirah.'

(Rav Acha brei d'Rava): R. Yosi admits that "Katzir" includes the normal method;

(Beraisa - R. Yosi) Question: The Torah says "Katzir". What is the source to include uprooting?

Answer: It says "Liktzor";

Question: What is the source to include plucking?

Answer: It says "b'Kutzrecha."

Support (Ravina - Mishnah - R. Yosi): If there are rows of onions between patches of vegetables, (the vegetables are an interruption, so) Pe'ah must be left for each row. (Even though onions are not harvested with a scythe, Pe'ah must be left, for the normal way of detaching is included);

Chachamim say, one Pe'ah may be left for all the rows.

(Mishnah) Question: What is the quantity (from which Gez must be given)?

Question: We understand Beis Shamai. Two sheep are called "Tzon";

What is Beis Hillel's reason (to say five)?

Answer #1 (Rav Kahana): "V'Chamesh Tzon Asuyos" - two Mitzvos apply to a group of five sheep, i.e. Reishis ha'Gez and Matanos.

Suggestion: Perhaps the Mitzvos are Bechor and Matanos!

Rejection: Even one Bechor Seh is Kodesh.

Objection: Matanos apply to a single sheep! (We cannot say that two Mitzvos apply only when there are five.)

Answer #2 (Rav Ashi): "Asuyos" means, they obligate their owner in a Mitzvah that did not apply to less than five. (This must be Reishis ha'Gez.)

(Beraisa - Tana d'Vei R. Yishmael b'Rebbi Yosi): The Mitzvah applies to four, for four are called "Tzon" - "v'Arba Tzon Tachas ha'Seh."

(Beraisa - Rebbi): Even if Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel learned from Torah verses, and R. Yosi learned from Nevi'im, we would follow R. Yosi;

Really, Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel learned from Nevi'im, and R. Yosi learned from Torah. All the more so, we should follow R. Yosi!

Question: (Presumably, the preference for R. Yosi is because he is Machri'a (a mediating opinion).) A third opinion (Rashi - it introduces an idea that the first two opinions never mentioned; Aruch - of a Tana smaller than the first two) is not a Hachra'ah!

Answer (R. Yochanan): The reason to follow R. Yosi is because his law is a tradition from Chagai, Zecharyah and Malachi (the last Nevi'im).

(Mishnah): R. Dosa ben Hurkanus says... (Chachamim say, he is liable for any amount.)

Question: What do Chachamim call "any amount"?

Answer #1 (Rav): It must be a Maneh (25 Sela'im, about a pound) and a half (from all five sheep combined).

Answer #2 (Shmuel): It must be 60 Sela'im. He gives one Sela to the Kohen.

Answer #3 (R. Yochanan): It must be six Sela'im. He gives five to the Kohen, and keeps one.

Answer #4 (Ula): It is any amount, no matter how small.

(Mishnah): One must give to the Kohen five Sela'im of Yehudah (this is ten of Galil).

Question #1: This refutes Shmuel (who said he gives one to the Kohen) and Ula (who says that any amount is liable)!

Question #2: This is also difficult for Rav!

(Rav and Shmuel): One must give (or regarding Pe'ah, leave) one part in 60 of the following - Gez, Terumah, and Pe'ah. (According to Rav, one must give from a Maneh and a half. A 60th part of this is less than a Sela!)

Answer (to both questions - Rav and Shmuel): The Mishnah teaches that if a Yisrael has much shearings and wants to give them to more than one Kohen, he must give to each Kohen five Sela'im.

(Rav and Shmuel): One must give (or leave) one part in 60 of Gez, Terumah, and Pe'ah.

Question (Mishnah): A generous separation of Terumah is one part in 40... (Rashi - why do Rav and Shmuel suggest giving like a stingy person? Tosfos - the Mishnah teaches that one may give one part in 60. They did not need to teach this!)

Answer #1: They teach that mid'Oraisa, one must give one in 60. Mid'Rabanan, one should give one in 40.

Rejection: Shmuel himself taught that even one blade of wheat exempts the entire stack (mid'Oraisa)!

Answer #2: Mid'Oraisa, one blade exempts the entire stack;

Regarding Terumah mid'Oraisa (grain, wine and oil), Chachamim enacted that one should give one in 40;

Regarding (other) produce that is liable mid'Rabanan, Chachamim require one to give one in 60.

Question (Mishnah): There is no Shi'ur (fixed quantity) for the following: Pe'ah, Bikurim, and the (cost of) the Olah and Shelamim that each man must bring on each festival.

Answer: Mid'Oraisa, there is no Shi'ur for Pe'ah. Mid'Rabanan, it is one in 60.

Question: A Mishnah teaches this!

(Mishnah): Even though Pe'ah has no Shi'ur mid'Oraisa, (mid'Rabanan) one must leave one in 60.

Answer: The Mishnah teaches the law in Eretz Yisrael. Rav and Shmuel teach the law in Chutz la'Aretz.

R. Yochanan encountered Isi bar Hini teaching his son "five Rechelim (sheep)... "

R. Yochanan: Why don't you teach "Rechelos"?

Isi: The Torah uses this form (when relating Yakov's gift to Esav) - "Rechelim Masayim."

R. Yochanan: The language of of Chachamim is distinct from the language of the Torah.

R. Yochanan: Who is the Rosh Yeshivah in Bavel?

Isi said, 'Aba (that was Rav's real name), the tall one.'

R. Yochanan rebuked him for not prefixing a title of respect:

R. Yochanan: Rav used to speak in learning with Rebbi. I was 17 rows in back. I could not follow it!

Question (Isi bar Hini): How much shearings obligate giving Reishis ha'Gez?

Answer (R. Yochanan): Sixty Sela'im are liable.

Question (Isi): The Mishnah says 'any amount'!

Answer (R. Yochanan): I know the true meaning of the Mishnah. (It is "any amount" compared to R. Dosa, who said a much larger quantity.)

Version #1A (Rashi) (Rav Dimi): Rav, and R. Yochanan in the name of R. Yanai, say that one part in 60 must be given for Reishis ha'Gez.

Version #1B (Rashi) (Rav Dimi): Rav, and R. Yochanan in the name of R. Yanai, say that 60 Sela'im of shearings obligate giving Reishis ha'Gez.

Version #2 (our text) (Rav Dimi): Rav says that 60 Sela'im are liable to Reishis ha'Gez. R. Yochanan says in the name of R. Yanai that six are liable.