FURTHER LAWS OF A CHILD (Yerushalmi Terumos Perek 1 Halachah 1 Daf 4b)
[ãó ã òîåã á] úðé áùí øáé îàéø ìòåìí àéï úøåîúå úøåîä òã ùéáéà ùúé ùòøåú
(Baraisa from R. Meir): A child's Terumah is never valid until he has two pubic hairs (which is a sign of physical maturity).
øáé àáà áø ëäðà áùí øáðï åðçùá ìëí úøåîúëí àú ùëúåá áå îçùáä úåøí åàú ùàéï ëúåá áå îçùáä àéðå úåøí
(R. Abba bar Kahana citing Rabbanan): The pasuk states (Bamidbar 18:27), "And your Terumah shall be considered for you'' - one whose thought is significant (e.g. an adult) may separate Terumah; one whose thought is not significant (e.g. a child) may not separate Terumah.
äúéáåï äøé âåé ùàéï ëúéá áå îçùáä åúåøí
Question: A gentile's thought is not significant, but he can still separate?
ø' éåãä áùí ø' äéìà åìà úùàå òìéå çèà àú ùäåà áðùéàú òåï úåøí åàú ùàéðå áðùéàú òåï àéðå úåøí
(R. Yudah citing R. Hila): 'And you shall not bear the sin for it' - one who will bear a sin for eating Terumah (a Jew, not a gentile) may give; one who doesn't bear his sin may not separate.
äúéáåï äøé âåé àéðå áðùéàú òåï åúåøí åäúðé øáé äåùòéà òëå''í àéï ìäï îçùáä [ãó ç òîåã á (òåæ åäãø)] úîï ìäëùéø åëàï ìúøåîä.
Question: A gentile does not bear his sin (i.e. he does not receive lashes by Beis Din for his sins), but he can separate Terumah. And when R. Hoshiya taught that a gentile's thought is not significant, he was referring to his lack of ability to Machshir (prepare) fruits to be able to contract Tumah, by being happy that liquids fell onto the fruit. (See Vayikra 11:18). However, concerning Terumah, a gentile's thought is significant.
øáé àçà øáé çéððà áùí øá ëäðà ëãáøé îé ùäåà àåîø àéðå úåøí àéðå î÷ãéù
(R. Acha/ R. Chinana citing Rav Kahana): According to the one (R. Meir) who said that a child may not separate Terumah until he has two pubic hairs, he also cannot consecrate things to Hekdesh (even though he has reached the age of vows).
åìîä ìà àîø ëãáøé îé ùäåà àåîø úåøí î÷ãéù
Question: Why didn't he also say that according to the one who says that he can separate Terumah, he can also consecrate?
áâéï ãøáé éäåãà ãøáé éäåãà àåîø úåøí åàéðå î÷ãéù
Answer: It is because of R. Yehuda, who says that he may separate Terumah but not consecrate.
åøáé éåçðï àîø àôéìå ëîàï ãàîø àéðå úåøí î÷ãéù åîäå î÷ãéù òåìä åùìîéí ìäáéà çèàú çìá àéðå éëåì ùàéï ìå çèàú çìá çèàú ãí àéðå éëåì ùàéï ìå çèàú ãí.
(R. Yochanan): Even according to the one who said that a child may not separate Terumah, he may consecrate an Olah or Shelamim, but not a Chatas for eating Chelev (forbidden fats), since he's not obligated in a Chatas if he eats Chelev. Nor can he consecrate a Chatas for consuming blood, since he's not obligated in a Chatas if he consumes blood.
îäå ùéáéà ÷øáï æéáä å÷øáï öøòú îàçø ùäåà çåáä àéðå îáéà àå îàçø ùäåà îèîà áäï îáéà
Question: Could a child bring the sacrifice for Ziva or Tzora'as? Since it's not an obligation, they don't bring; or since they can contract their Tumah, they could bring?
ôùéèà ìê ùäåà îáéà
Answer: They certainly do bring.
îäå ùéòùä áäï ùìéç îàçø ùäåà îèîà áäï äåà ðòùä áäï ùìéç àå îàçø ùàéðå ðòùä ùìéç ìëì äãáøéí àéðå ðòùä áäï ùìéç
Question: Could a child be an agent to bring another person's sacrifice for Ziva on their behalf? Since they can contract Tumas Ziva, they can also be an agent; or since they cannot be an agent for all other cases in the Torah, they also cannot be an agent here?
äúéá øáé éåãï äøé éù ìå èáì ãáø úåøä àéðå ôåèø èáìå ãáø úåøä åëàï àò''ô ùäåà îèîà áäï àéðå ðòùä ùìéç.
Rejection of question (R. Yudan): What's the question? Even though the produce of a child is Biblically obligated in Terumos and Ma'asros, they still cannot act as agent to separate Terumos for others; here also, even though they can contract Tumas Ziva, they still should not be able to act as an agent to bring another person's Ziva sacrifice.
îäå ùéáéà áéëåøéí
Question: (According to R. Yochanan above) can a child bring Bikurim?
ëø' éäåãà ãå àîø äå÷ùå ì÷ãùé äâáåì àéðå îáéà [ãó è òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] ëøáðï ãå àîøéï äå÷ùå ì÷ãùé î÷ãù îáéà
Answer: If the Tanna follows R. Yehuda in Bikurim that they are given to any Kohen (because they are like Terumah), a child would not be able to bring them. If he follows the Rabbanan, that they are given specifically to the Kohen of the Mishmar that is serving in the Temple at that time, they are like sacrifices and just as a child can consecrate Hekdesh, so too a child could bring Bikurim. (Note: As mentioned earlier, all of the cases discussed in this Gemara of a child consecrating, refer to a child who is of the age of Nedarim - aged 12 for a boy and aged 11 for a girl.)
îäå ùéáéà çâéâä îàçø ùäéà çåáä àéðå îáéà àå îàçø ùäåà )îùðäå( ìùí ùìîéí îáéà
Question: Can a child bring a Chagigah offering which is an obligation on the three foot festivals? Since it's an obligation, he cannot bring it; or since it comes as a type of Shelamim, he could bring it?
îäå ìäáéà ôñç îàçø ùäåà çåáä ìà éáéà àå îàçø ãàîø ø''ù áï ì÷éù áùí øáé éåãï ðùééà îáéà àãí ôñç áùàø éîåú äùðä åîùðäå ìùí ùìîéí îáéà
Question: Can a child bring a Pesach offering? Since it's an obligation, he cannot bring it; or do we say that a child could bring it, since R. Shimon ben Lakish said from R. Yehuda HaNasi that a person could bring a Pesach offering throughout the year and change it into a Shelamim?
îäå ùéáéà îòùø áäîä
Question: Can a child declare an animal to be Maaser Beheimah?
åàéï éñáåø ø''î îëì îòùøåúéëí äå÷ùå îòùøåú æä ìæä ëùí (ùäåà)[ùàéðå] îáéà îòùø ãâï ëê (äåà)[àéðå] îáéà îòùø áäîä
Answer: If R. Meir reasons that the Torah compares Maaser Beheimah to Ma'asros of grain because of the phrase (Bamidbar 18:28), "from all of your tithes'' - just as a child cannot bring Maaser of grain, so too Maaser Beheimah.
îäå ìòùåú úîåøä
Question: Can a child make a Temurah?
àéï ñáø ø' îàéø äå÷ùå ëì äîòùøåú æä ìæä ëùí ù[àéðå]îáéà îòùø ãâï ëê [àéðå] îáéà îòùø áäîä ëùí ù(äåà)[àéðå] îáéà îòùø áäîä ëê àéðå òåùä úîåøä.
Answer: If R. Meir reasons that the Torah compares Maaser Beheimah to Ma'asros of grain - just as a child cannot bring Maaser of grain, so too Maaser Beheimah. Just as he cannot bring Maaser Beheimah, so too he cannot make a Temurah (of Maaser Beheimah).
åéñáåø ëø''ù ãø''ù àîø îòùø áäîä ìéîã òì ëì ä÷ãùéí ìúîåøä.
And if R. Meir follows R. Shimon (in Perek 2 of Maseches Temurah), who said that (the reason that) Maaser Beheimah (was singled out by the Torah to teach that one is able to make a Temurah of it, was) to teach about all other sacrifices concerning the laws of Temurah...
àìà ëùí ù(äåà)[àéðå] îáéà îòùø ãâï ëê (äåà)[àéðå] îáéà îòùø áäîä åëùí ù(äåà)[àéðå] îáéà îòùø áäîä ëê àéðå òåùä úîåøä åëùí ùàéðå îîéø áå ëê àéðå îîéø áëì ä÷ãùéí
Conclusion: (If so, it can now be said about a child) - just he cannot bring Maaser of grain, so he cannot bring Maaser Beheimah. And just as he cannot bring Maaser Beheimah, so he cannot make a Temurah of it. And just as he cannot make a Temurah of it, so too he cannot make a Temurah of any sacrifices.
îäå ùéäå çééáéï òì [ãó ä òîåã à] ÷ãùéå (î)áçåõ
Question: What would be the law concerning slaughtering outside the Temple a sacrifice consecrated by a child?
ëäðà àîø àéï çééáéï òì ÷ãùéå îáçåõ
Answer (Kahana): One would not be liable (as his consecration isn't valid on a Torah level).
ø' éåçðï åø''ù áï ì÷éù àîø çééáéï òì ÷ãùéå îáçåõ
(R. Yochanan and R. Shimon ben Lakish): One would be liable.
[ãó è òîåã á (òåæ åäãø)] åäãà ãëäðà ôìéâà ãøáé éåãà ãøáé éåãà ôåèø èéáìå ãáø úåøä åúéîø àëï
Question: This ruling of Kahana contradicts the view of the Tanna R. Yehuda, who says that even according to Torah law, a child can exempt his own produce from being Tevel...?
ëî''ã îàéìéäï ÷áìå òìéäï àú äîòùøåú:
Answer: Kahana follows the view that in the times of the second Temple, they accepted upon themselves the obligation of separating Ma'asros (as according to the Torah, it would have been exempt, so R. Yehuda's view doesn't show that a child's sacrifice would be valid on a Torah level).