(Mishnah): Female sheep may go out Shechuzos.

Some teach Shechuzos, and some teach Shozos;

The one who teaches Shozos [agrees that hide is tied under the tail] to enable rams to mate with them, like it says "Shis Zonah u'Ntzuras Lev'' (Shozos is like an acronym of Shis Zonah);

The one who teaches Shechuzos, this is like "we are not Mashchiz (sharpen, i.e. prepare) a knife.''

Kevunos is [when the wool is covered to be utterly clean] for Milas (quality wool). Kevulos is [when the tail is tied down] to prevent a male from mating with them.

Source (R. Avun citing R. Chiya): "Va'Yikra Lahem Eretz Kavul'' - a land that does not bear fruit.

(Mishnah - R. Yehudah): Goats may go wrapped to be dry, but not for milk.

(Beraisa - R. Yehudah ben Beseira): Whether to be dry or for milk is forbidden.

Question: R. Yehudah said properly (for milk is loose. It is prone to fall, and he will carry it!) What is R. Yehudah ben Beseira's reason?

Answer (R. Yosi bei R. Ba citing Rav Yehudah citing R. Yochanan citing Rav): The Halachah follows the opinion that forbids whether to be dry or for milk, for who will cast lots [to know his intent? If we permit to be dry, people will permit for milk!]

(Mishnah): How may an animal not go out?

Answer: A camel may not go out with Metulteles, nor Akud nor Ragul (these will be explained). The same applies to all animals;

One may not tie camels one to another and lead them;

Rather, he may hold the ropes in his hand and lead [several camels at once], as long as he does not wind the ropes.

(Gemara): [Metulteles] is like a dome [put between the humps - PNEI MOSHE]. It evens out the back [to make a smoother surface for sitting or for a load].

(Rav Yehudah): Akud is when one hand (foreleg is tied). Ragul is when the two hind legs [are tied].

(Mishnah): One may not tie camels one to the other and lead them.

(Rav Ashi): This is due to suspicion, lest people say "Ploni is going to do his Melachah on Shabbos.''

(Asi): [He may not wind the ropes] due to Kil'ayim (i.e. some are of wool and some are of linen).

(Rav Yehudah citing Shmuel): [If the rope sticks] out of his hand, it is forbidden (for he carries. If it sticks) out of the animal's neck, it is permitted, for an animal has no [Isur of carrying a] load.

If [the rope] is wound around the animal's neck, it is forbidden. If it hangs down from the animal's neck, it is permitted [for he uses it to lead it].

Rav Huna and Rav Yehudah both cited Shmuel. One of them said and one said [if the rope sticks] out of his hand, it is forbidden; from the animal's neck, it is permitted. The other said oppositely.

The one who said out of his hand, it is forbidden, it is due to [carrying] a load on Shabbos. From the animal's neck, it is permitted, for an animal has no [Isur of a] load.

The one who said out of his hand, it is permitted, because it is impossible [that nothing stick out]. From the animal's neck, it is forbidden, for he is commanded that his animal rest, like himself, for it says "Lema'an Yanu'ach Shorcha va'Chamorcha.''

(Beraisa): If there is a Tefach from his hand to the animal's neck, it is forbidden.

Question (R. Ze'ira): [If it sticks out] from his hand, it is forbidden [according to one opinion], and from the animal's neck, it is forbidden [according to one opinion], and a Tefach from his hand to the animal's neck is forbidden. What is permitted?! (We have no reason to be lenient like one of the opinions, for we do not even know who said which!)

Answer (R. Yochanan bar Maryei): One who wants to do properly will lead [the animal like they lead horses of Yishmaelim (he winds the rope around the neck and inserts his hand in between, and nothing sticks out).

(Mishnah): A donkey may not go out with a Marda'as (a small saddle for warmth) if it is not tied to it, or a bell, even if the clapper is plugged, or a 'ladder' on its neck, or a strap on its leg.

A chicken may not go out with strings or a ribbon on its legs;

A ram may not go out with a wagon under its tail. Female sheep may not go out Chanunos;

A calf may not go out with Gimon. A cow may not go out with porcupine skin, nor with a strap between its horns;

The cow of R. Elazar ben Azaryah used to go out with a strap between its horns. Chachamim disapproved.

(Gemara - Beraisa): However, [a donkey may go out with a Marda'as] in a Chatzer.

(R. Shmuel citing R. Ze'ira): The same applies to a saddle [for riding].

(Beraisa): A donkey may go out with its saddle in order to warm it, but one may not tie the small straps [lest it look like he wants to load it up] or insert the strap under the tail.

Question (R. Yirmeyah, to R. Ze'ira): These matters [a donkey may go out with Marda'as in a Chatzer] are among the laws of Shabbos that are like mountains hanging on a hair (there is no basis for it), and you say so (we learn a saddle from it)?!

Question: What is the difference between a ladder and Kishoshos (if a bone is broken, pieces of wood are tied around to prevent movement? Our Mishnah forbids a ladder, and the above Beraisa permits Kishoshos!)

Answer: A ladder is important (if it falls, he might carry it). Kishoshos are not important.

Question (R. Chanina): We can ask what is the difference between Kishoshos and an expert amulet. A Beraisa forbids an animal to go out with an expert amulet!

Question (R. Avdimi): We can ask what is the difference between Kishoshos [about which there is an argument], and a bandage on a wound (which all permit)!

Some teach that they may not go out with Kishoshos, and some teach that they may go out.

Answer (R. Chiya bar Ada): Two Tana'im argue about this. The one who permits going out with Kishoshos, he permits with a bandage on a wound. The one who forbids going out with Kishoshos, he forbids with a bandage on a wound.

(Mishnah): A ram may not go out with a wagon under its tail.

This is because it makes a furrow. (Our Tana forbids Davar she'Eino Miskaven.)

(Mishnah): Female sheep may not go out Chanunos.

Opinion #1 (Rav Yehudah): This is a wool cap [put on the forehead to keep them warm after they are shorn, until their wool grows back -PNEI MOSHE].

Opinion #2 (R. Yosa citing R. Chama bar Chanina): It is an herb called Yachnona. (It is put in the nostril to expel worms.)

Question (R. Ze'ira, to R. Yosi): If so, an animal may not go out with an expert amulet (Yachnona is like an expert amulet! A Beraisa above forbids an animal with an expert amulet. R. Ze'ira asks if our Mishnah teaches so.)

Admission (R. Yosi): Yes, Babylonian (you, R. Ze'ira) you understood the matter.

(Mishnah): A calf may not go out with Gimon.

Opinion #1 (Rav Huna): This is a small yoke [put on the neck].

Opinion #2 (Rav Chisda): This is something tied around its mouth [when it is weaned, to stop it from nursing].

Opinion #3 (Aba bar Rav Huna): This is a skewer put in its mouth [to stop it from nursing].

Some teach Gimon, and some teach Gimul;

The one who teaches Gimon, this is based on "ha'Lachof k'Agmon Rosho.'' The one who teaches Gimul, this is based on "va'Ta'alehu Imah Ka'asher Gemalato.''

The one who teaches Gimon, this supports Rav Huna (a yoke is bent, like a hook). The one who teaches Gimul, this supports Aba bar Rav Huna and Rav Chisda (it is connected to weaning. We explained this like PNEI MOSHE.)

(Mishnah): A cow may not go out with porcupine skin.

He puts porcupine skin between is udders to to stop it from nursing its child.