(Mishnah): A donkey may go out with a Marda'as (a small saddle left on it even when no one rides, for warmth. Donkeys are always cold) when it is tied to it.

Rams may go out Levuvim. Female sheep may go out Shechuzos, Kevulos and Kevunos (all of these will be defined). Goats may go out [with their udders] wrapped;

R. Yosi forbids all of these, except for sheep Kevunos.

R. Yehudah permits goats to go wrapped to be dry (not to produce milk), but not for milk (wrapped loosely, so it will not inhibit milk, or in order to catch drops; alternatively - to prevent dripping).

(Gemara- Shmuel): [A donkey may go out with a Marda'as] when it was tied to it from Erev Shabbos. (One may not tie on Shabbos, for this is using an animal.)

Chanina of Guftiyah (to Shmuel): R. Chiya bar Ashi did not do so (rather, he tied on Shabbos)!

Shmuel: Rav (his Rebbi) did so [only] for Kalastirin (a basket for it to eat from).

(Beraisa): Rams may go out with Kalastirin.

Question (against Shmuel - Rav Acha bar Papa, to R. Ze'ira - Beraisa): A rope tied [on one end] to a cow, one may tie [the other end] to a feeding trough. [If one end is tied] to a trough, one may tie [the other end] to a cow.

Granted, when it is tied to a cow, one may tie it to a trough. [However, when it is tied] to a trough, why may one tie it to a cow? Does it not turn out that he uses sides of an animal on Shabbos?!

Answer #1 (Rabah): The case is, it is not a permanent knot (therefore we are not concerned for using sides of an animal).

Objection (R. Yosi): Is there any difference about using sides of an animal, between a permanent knot and a non-permanent knot?!

Answer #2 (R. Shamai): [The Beraisa] is like R. Shimon ben Elazar;

(Beraisa - R. Shimon ben Elazar): One may use sides of a tree on Shabbos. (We explained this like the ROSH, Shabbos 5:2.)

Sides of an animal have the same law as sides of a tree.

Answer #3 (R. Mana): I explain [the Beraisa to permit] tying a rope [tied to a trough] to a rope [tied to a cow. This is not called using an animal.]

(Mishnah): Rams may go out Levuvim.

Explanation: Hard tanned hide is put over the Lev (heart) to protect from attacking Chayos.