(Mishnah): A man may not go out [on Shabbos] with nailed [wooden] sandals, nor with [only] one sandal, unless he has a wound on his foot;

He may not go out with Tefilin, a Kemi'a that is not from a Mumcheh (expert), armor, a helmet or iron boots;

If one went out with any of these, he is exempt.

(Gemara) Question: Why did they decree against a nailed sandal?

Answer #1: Women used to see the [very sharp] front, and miscarry [amidst fear].

Answer #2: Women would hear the sound [of people walking in nailed sandals], and miscarry [amidst fear].

Answer #3: (A case occurred and Yisraelim in a cave heard the enemy.) They were cramped, and killed each other [with nails in their sandals, so they decreed against them].

What is the difference between [these reasons]? Dusta (a sandal in which the sharp iron is not in front, rather, underneath) - according to the opinion that women heard the sound and miscarried, or they were cramped and killed each other, it is forbidden.

Question: [According to the last reason,] was the decree not at a time of Shmad (royal edicts against Torah)? Once the Shmad passed, it should be permitted!

Answer: Beis Din did not annul [later the decree they made at a time of Shmad].

Question: [According to all of these reasons] it should be [forbidden] even on weekdays!

Answer: Normally, people do not have two [pairs of] sandals, one for weekdays and one for Shabbos. (One will get sandals that he may wear even on Shabbos, and wear them the entire week. Meyuchas l'Ran, 60b - women miscarried due to nailed sandals only on Shabbos, for it reminded them of the episode in which people killed each other.)

(Beraisa): If one affixed a cloth underneath [that covers the nails], it is permitted. (None of the three reasons applies.)

R. Yudan bei R. Yishmael's foot was scraped, and they made a sandal like this for him. (He could not wear anything else.)

Question: How many nails may it have [and one may go out with it]?

Answer #1 (R. Yochanan): It may have five, like the five Chumashm.

Answer #2 (R. Chanina): It may have seven, like "[Barzel u'Nechoshes Min'alecha] uch'Yamecha Dav'echa'' (the supports for your shoe are like your days of the week).

Note: How do we bring a verse to teach about a decree mid'Rabanan? Perhaps this is like the Taz (YD 117:1), that Chachamim cannot forbid something that the Torah explicitly permits.

Rabanan conduct like the following [version of] R. Chanina. R. Acha expounded in the name of R. Chanina that nine [are permitted, corresponding to seven days of the week, and two for "Barzel u'Nechoshes''].

Rebbi put 13 on this [sandal] and 11 on this, [in all 24] like the number of Mishmaros [which is like Masmeros (nails)] - "uch'Masmeros Netu'im.'' Just like there are 24 Mishmaros, also 24 nails [are permitted. He put different amounts on each to show that he intended for this number; it was not because this many were needed for strength. We explained these numbers like KORBAN HA'EDAH, Sanhedrin 10:1].

(R. Yosi ben Chaninah): A bent nail (both ends are hammered into the wood) does not count towards the number of nails.

R. Ze'ira asked Rabah Ba bar Zavda whether one may put all [the nails] on one sandal; he permitted (Chachamim did not decree about such a case).

He asked whether one may put nails on a shoe [and wear it on Shabbos]; he permitted (they decreed only about a sandal).

(Beraisa): One may not scrape old shoes and sandals [with the back of a knife, for it looks like smoothing the leather], but we may anoint and rinse them [in water].

(R. Krispa in the name of R. Yochanan): The Talmidim of R. Chiyah Rabah say that the early [Tana'im] said that one may scrape, and the later [Tana'im] said that one may not scrape.

The Rebbi (R. Chiyah) was asked, and he said that one may not scrape.

(R. Zeirah): One of the Talmidim of R. Chiyah Rabah went away [from R. Krispa's rule], for Rabanan of Kisarin said in the name of R. Yosi bar Chanina (who was a Talmid of R. Chiya) like the opinion that one may scrape, but only with the back of the knife!

(R. Chiya bar Ashi): We used to sit in front of [our] Rebbi (i.e. Rav) and anoint and rinse [shoes on Shabbos], but not scrape. (We explained the Sugya of scraping like PNEI MEIR, MEICHAL HA'MAYIM.)

One may not anoint shoes or sandals [in oil].

(Beraisa): One may not anoint his foot when it is in a shoe, or his foot when it is in a sandal (this tans it). However, one may anoint his foot and put it in a shoe, or his foot and put it in a sandal.

One may anoint with oil and roll on a new cooked hide without concern. One may not put [the hide] on a marble surface to roll on it (for it looks like he intends to tan it). R. Shimon ben Gamliel permits.

(Beraisa): One may not wear new shoes and sandals [on Shabbos] unless he walked in them during the day (Erev Shabbos, lest they do not fit his feet well, and he will come to carry them).

Question: How much must he walk in them [before Shabbos]?

Answer #1 (Bar Kapara's grandsons): It is like from the Beis Midrash of Bar Kapara until the Beis Midrash of R. Hoshayah.

Answer #2 (Chachamim of Tzipori): It is from the Beis ha'Keneses of Bavliyim until the house of R. Chama bar Chaninah.

Answer #3 (Chachamim of Tiverya): It is from the great Beis Midrash until the store of R. Hoshayah.

(A sandal has a Kaf (sole), and on each side an Ozen (flap) comes up, and Chavatim (straps that go over the foot) are attached to the flaps at Tarsis (a place on the flap.) If the flaps, straps or Tarsiyos of a sandal snapped, or one of the soles came off, it is Tahor. (We explain like HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA. He questions the plural "soles''; perhaps there were two soles (one on top of the other).)

If one of the flaps, straps or Tarsiyos snapped, or most of one of the soles came off, it is Tamei.

R. Yehudah says, if an inner [flap or Tarsis] snapped, it is Tamei. If the outer snapped, it is Tahor.

(R. Yakov bar Acha citing R. Tavlai Chanin bar Ba citing Rav): The Halachah follows R. Yehudah regarding [going out with it on] Shabbos.

A case occurred with R. Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak. He sent R. Yakov bar Acha to R. Chiya bar Ba. He said to him, just like they argue about Tum'ah, so they argue about Shabbos, and [R. Yakov bar Acha] ruled for him like Rabanan.

Question (R. Shmuel bar R. Yitzchak): [R. Yakov bar Acha] heard [in the name of Rav] that the Halachah follows R. Yehudah, but he rules like Rabanan?! (We explained this like HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA.)

A case occurred with R. Acha bar Yitzchak, and he sent and asked R. Ze'ira, and R. Ze'ira asked R. Imi;

He told him, according to the opinion that is Metamei, one may go out with it. According to the opinion that is Metaher, one may not go out with it. He did not get from him any [clarity about whom the Halachah follows].

(Beraisa): One may go with [broken sandals] until he gets to the opening of his Chatzer.

R. Acha and R. Ze'ira were going in Reshus ha'Rabim (PNEI MOSHE). R. Acha's sandal snapped. [R. Ze'ira did not tell him until] when they reached the opening of his Chatzer, [then] he said "this is the opening of your Chatzer.''

R. Acha would wrap a palm shoot [around a broken sandal and go out with it on Shabbos]. R. Avahu would wrap an herb [used for Refu'ah]. R. Avahu holds that a bundle of vegetables is Muchan [for it is food for animals].

R. Yonah [was walking on Shabbos and his sandal broke. He] threw it to a store of valuables, even though there was an esteemed Beis Midrash nearby [where it would be guarded better]

R. Elazar [when his sandal broke, immediately] discarded it [in Reshus ha'Rabim].

Question (R. Yirmeyah, to R. Ze'ira): [If the outer flap snapped, may one switch (use it for the other foot, so now the outer flap is intact? Or, are we concerned lest people mock him, and he will come to carry it? PNEI MEIR - he asks according to R. Yehudah. He is Metaher because it is not normal to switch, but perhaps he permits one who switches!)

Answer (R. Ze'ira): It is permitted. Even so, go see if a Chacham agrees with me, and [then] you may rely on this [in practice].

[R. Yirmeyah] went out and found R. Ba bar Mamal. He asked him, and he permitted.

Support (R. Yosi): A Mishnah teaches that it is considered a garment [even on the other foot];

(Mishnah): If [the Yavam wore] a left [shoe] on the right [foot, and she removed it], her Chalitzah is Kosher.

Limitation: (The Seifa of that Mishnah teaches that if a small sandal covers most of the foot, the Chalitzah is Kosher.) This is [if it covers most of] the width, but lengthwise, it must cover the entire foot (MEICHAL HA'MAYIM).