1)

What is "Mikveh Yisrael"?

1.

Rashi: It is the hope of Yisrael. Radak - even though they veered from Your ways, they hope to You. In every generation You are the hope of Yisrael and save them at a time of affliction 1 . Even though the affliction came due to their sin, You save them and have mercy on them. Also now, do so, and they should not die of hunger!

2.

Alei Shor (2, p. 686): The Neshamah is Tahor, and Hashem is Tahor. Due to this, a person is associated with Hashem, sparks of this are aroused in a person when he comes to purify himself.


1

Malbim: This is Your name. If so, save us also now!

2)

What is the comparison to a stranger or guest in the land?

1.

Radak (8-9, based on Targum Yonasan): Why should Your anger fall on us, and we 1 will be like strangers or guests in the land?

2.

Radak: A stranger who is not a resident does not care what happens in the land, for if he is here today, he will not be here tomorrow (i.e. in the future), and all the more so a guest who came to the city merely to lodge overnight. You are like this, in hiding Your face from the land, and You are not concerned for its affliction. The land is Yours, and we live in it and are residents with You!

3.

Malbim: Not saving shows a lack of either desire, knowledge or ability. A stranger lacks desire - he does not care what happens in the land, since he is not a resident. [Not saving] will make it look like You do not want to supervise the land, or You handed over conduct [of the world] to the Ma'arachah of stars, that they rule here and You are like a stranger, or that You inspect the conduct only occasionally. A guest, even if he is a citizen, does not pay attention to what happens in the land, since he does not live there permanently.


1

Radak: In many places, verses discuss the Creator the way people talk, and attribute to Him sight, hearing, smell, hand, and foot. It is all a metaphor to help people understand. The Targumim of Onkelos and Yonason always distance from the Creator such descriptions. Yonason 'diverted' this and the coming verse, which were said about Hashem, to discuss Yisrael. He distances even a comparison [to people].

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