1)

What is "Heilel ben Shachar"?

1.

Rashi: It is Venus, the morning star. Radak - it gives much light. Heilel is like "b'Hilo Nero Alai Roshi" (Iyov 29:3).

2.

Malbim: It is light that begins to shine on the horizon from the east.

2)

Why does it say "Eich Nafalta mi'Shamayim Heilel ben Shachar"?

1.

Rashi: This is a lamentation over the Sar of Bavel - he will fall from Shamayim.

2.

Malbim: Ancient nations used to attribute success of the kingship to stars; its star is illuminating on it. A star that is ascending, normally it does not set - how did it fall?! The Nimshal is, you were at the epitome of success - how did you fall so suddenly?

3)

Why does it say "Nigdata la'Aretz"?

1.

Radak: You became weak.

4)

What is the meaning of "Cholesh Al Goyim"?

1.

Rashi: He used to cast lots on the kings [that he captured], who will serve him on this day, and who on this day.

2.

Rashi (from Shabbos 149b): He used to cast lots on the kings, to decide whom to sodomize each day.

3.

Radak: (He weakens nations.) This is like "va'Yachalosh Yehoshua" (Shemos 17:13). "Al" is in place of the prefix Beis, as if it says Cholesh b'Goyim. Similarly, "v'Al Charbecha Sichyeh" (Bereishis 27:14) is like b'Charbecha. "V'Nasata Osam Al Sal Echad" (Shemos 29:3) is like b'Sal.

4.

Radak (from Shabbos 148b, 149b): This is [lots], like 'Matilim Chalashim Al ha'Kodoshim on Yom Tov, but not on portions.' We learn from our verse that this is lots. "Ki Amad Melech Bavel El Em ha'Derech

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