What is "Tishm'ru es Kehunaschem" referring to?
Seforno: It is a warning to the Kohanim not to permit Zarim to perform the Kehunah. 1
What are the connotations of "le'Chol D'var ha'Mizbe'ach"?
Yoma, 24a: It incorporates in the Chiyuv Misah a Zar who performs Zerikas ha'Dam, Nisuch ha'Yayin and Nisuch ha'Mayim, and for the seven sprinklings in the Heichal of the Par He'elam Davar, the Par Kohen ha'Mashi'ach and of the bull and the goat of Yom. 1
See Torah Temimah note 12.
What are the implications of "Avodas Matanah"?
Rashi: It implies that Hashem gave the Avodah to the Kohanim as a gift. 1
Ramban: The Torah is teaching us here that the Avodas ha'Kehunah is not an onus, like the service of human kings, but a (precious) gift, which Hashem personally gave to the Kohanim for honor and glory. 2
Seforno: It implies that the Kehunah is seen by everyone as a badge of honor, which they envy and which therefore needs to be carefully guarded.
Targum Yonasan and Sifri: It teaches us that the Kohanim serve by drawing lots, 3 like one distributes a gift, 4 (and that eating the Korbanos is compared to bringing them on the Mizbe'ach - Targum Yonasan).
Yoma, 24a #1 and Yerushalmi Yoma 2:1: It implies "Avodas Matanah", 've'Lo Avodas Siluk' (an Avodah that entails removing) - to preclude from the Chiyuv Misah a Zar who performs the T'rumas ha'Deshen and one who performs the Dishun Mizb'ach ha'Penimi and the Dishun Menorah.
Yoma 24a #2: It implies "Avodas Matanah", 've'Lo Avodah he'Yesh Acharehah Avodah' (an Avodah that requires another Avodah after it) - to preclude from the Chiyuv Misah a Zar who performs Kabalas ha'Dam and Holachas ha'Dam.
Yerushalmi Yoma, 2:1: It implie that ?ve?ha?Zar ha?Karev Yumas (at the end of the Pasuk) is confined to Avodos that entail giving, to preclude T?rumas ha?Deshen, Dishun Mizbe?ach ha?Penimi and Dishun Menorah ? Torah Temimah, which all involve rwmoving ashes.
Rashi probably means 'and not as a burden - like the Ramban in answer #2.
Ramban: As the Gemara says in Sotah, 15a, commenting in Pasuk 8 (in connection with eating the Korbanos) "le'Mashchah" - 'for greatness; the way that royalty eats'.
Sifri: As opposed to ?Me?uravim? (all coming together and choosing randomly which Avodah to perform).
See Peirush Yonasan.
What is the gist of Hashem's answer to the people's concern, bearing in mind that a Zar is still Chayav Misah for coming close and the Levi'im were already commanded to distance them (See 1:53, 3:9-10 & 8:19)?
Rashbam (in Pesukim 1 & 7): In answer to Yisrael's complaint, 1 a. Hashem now placed on them a Chiyuv Misah for entering the Mishkan, 2 and b. He ordered the Kohanim exclusively to perform the Avodah, thereby ensuring that not only will Yisrael be afraid to come close, but that they will also have no reason to come close.
Moshav Zekenim (in Pasuk 28, citing the Riva): In 8:19 the Torah wrote "ve'Lo Yih'yeh bahem Negef," implying that, if even if one Yisrael approaches, a plague will strike all of Yisrael. When Korach approached the Avodah, Hashem said "Hibadlu mi'Toch ha'Eidah", and Moshe said, 'Will You be angry with everyone due to one person?!' (16:21 & 22), there is a P'sik between "Kol" and "ha'Karev" 3 (17:28) ? for one person who approaches, will everyone die? Therefore Hashem now said "ve'ha'Zar ha'Karev Yumas" ? only the person who approaches will die. 4
What are the connotations of "ve'ha'Zar ha'Karev Yumas"?
Sanhedrin, 84a #1: It teaches us that a Zar who performes the Avodah in the Beis-Hamikdash is Chayav Misah.
Sanhedrin, 84a #2: It means Misah bi'Yedei Shamayim, which we learn from a Gezeirah Shavah "Yumas" "Yamus" from the Pasuk earlier "Kol ha'Kareiv ha'Kareiv el Mishkan Hashem Yamus" (17:28). 1
See Torah Temimah, note 15.
