1)

What do we learn from "Al Sheloshah Pish'ei Yisrael v'Al Arba'ah Lo Ashivenu"?

1.

Yuma 86b: The first three times that one sins, he is pardoned. The fourth time, he is not pardoned.

2.

Radak: Even though they sinned with idolatry, Arayos and murder, the decree to destroy them and exile them via Melech Ashur was sealed only due to the fourth sin ? theft. With this, He punished them for all that they did. Similarly, Dor ha'Mabul had many Aveiros, but they were punished only for Chamas ? "Ki Mal'ah ha'Aretz Chamas Mipneihem" (Bereishis 6:13). All the more so [Hashem punishes] when the theft comes via the judges ? they should have established Tzedek, and via bribery, they tilt the verdict!

3.

Malbim: First the 10 tribes sinned with idolatry, Arayos and murder. The fourth sin was increasing the three sins ? they increased each in quality and quantity, and added other sins. To murder, they added selling a Tzadik for money. A Tzadik in his judgment, via money they sentenced him to death. Either judges took brines, or witnesses testified falsely for money.

2)

What Tzadik did they sell?

1.

Rashi: One who was vindicated in judgment 1 , judges would 'sell' him (obligate him) due to a bribe that they received from his opponent.


1

Radak: It says about Shochad "vi'Ysalef Divrei Tzadikim" (Devarim 16:19). [The innocent party] is Tzadik also in other matters ? people who claim Emes are Tzadikim in most of their matters. Also the poor usually claim only Emes.

3)

What Evyon was sold for shoes?

1.

Rashi citing Targum Yonasan, here and 8:6: In order that he will inherit. Radak ? I do not understand this.

2.

Rashi: They tilt the verdict against the Oni, so he will need to sell his field, which was amidst the judges' field. The judge buys it from him for a low price, so he can fence and lock all his fields together without another's field in between. Radak ? "Na'alayim" is an expression of Ne'ilah (locking)

3.

Radak #1: Even for [a small bribe, e.g.] shoes the judge will tilt the verdict [against] the Oni who was vindicated, and they will vindicate the one who gave the bribe.

4.

Radak #2: They obligate the innocent, so the Oni will need to sell his field via an absolute Kinyan, with a shoe 1 ? "Shalaf Ish Na'alo" (Rus 4:7).

5.

Malbim: Sometimes they sentenced an Oni to death for a small monetary gain. Witnesses testified falsely for a pair of shoes, or judges obligated death for a bribe of a pair of shoes.


1

I do not understand this. Fields are normally bought with money and a document (Kidushin 26a)! (PF)

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