What is the word "ve'Ish" coming to preclude?
Sifra: It precludes a Zar Katan 1 who eats Terumah from the obligation to pay the Kohen an extra fifth.
Sifra: Even if he is over nine.
How much must a Zar eat in order to be Chayav a Chomesh?
What is "Kodesh" in this Pasuk referring to?
Rashi and Rashbam: It is referring to Terumah.
What happens to a Zar who eats Terumah be'Meizid?
Rashi (in Shabbos, 69b): He is not Chayav to add a fifth but is Chayav Misah bi'Yedei Shamayim 1 - which we learn from the juxtaposition of the Pasuk "u'Meisu bo ki Yechal'luhu" (above Pasuk 9) to "ve'Chol Zar Lo Yochal Kodesh" (in Pasuk 10).
What if a Zar or a Kohen damages Terumah?
Yoma, 80a: "Yochal" precludes someone who damages Terumah from having to pay the extra fifth. 1
In Pasuk 16, the Sifra extrapolates from "be'Ochlam Es Kodsheihem" ? 'P'rat le'Zore'a ve'li'Metamei', which appears to be equivalent to the current D'rashah. See note 104 there.
What if a Zar drinks Terumah wine or anoints himself with Terumah oil?
The Chiyuv to pay a Chomesh applies whether one eats Terumah, drinks it or anoints oneself with it. 1
See Torah Temimah on Pasuk 15, citing Nidah, 32a, and note 98.
What if a Zar eats Terumah Teme'ah?
Bava Metzi'a, 54b: He is Chayav a Chomesh, irrespective of whether the Terumah is Tahor or Tamei. 1
See Torah Temimah, note 87
What are the implications of the word "Veyasaf Chamishiso Alav"?
Bava Metzi'a, 54b: "Alav" implies that the Chomesh has the same Din as the Keren ? inasmuch as, like the Keren, the Zar pays the Kohen with Chulin. 1
Yevamos, 86a: It precludes Ma'aser Sheini and Reishis ha'Gez from the Din of Chomesh - "Alav", 've'Lo al Ma'aser; "Alav", 've'Lo al Reishis ha'Gez' = precluding Ma'aser Sheini and Reishis ha'Gez from the Din of Chomesh. 2
What if a Zar eats the Chomesh?
Oznayim la'Torah: He is Chayav to pay a Chomesh on the Chomesh ? provided the Chomesh that he is paying is worth a P'rutah. 1
See Oznayim la'Torah.
Why does the insert the 'Hey' in "ha'Kodesh"?
T'rumos, 6:6: To teach us that the Zar is obligated to pay the same species that he ate (wine for wine, oil for oil, wheat-bread for wheat-bread). 1
See also Torah Temimah, note 95.
What are the implications of the words "Venasan la'Kohen Es ha'Kodesh"?
Rashi and Ramban: It implies that the Zar is obligated to pay the Kohen (not with money, but) with Chulin-fruit 1 that adopts Kedushas Terumah. 2
Pesachim 32a: It precludes T'rumas Chametz on Pesach from having to pay ? either the Keren or the Chomesh. 3
According to Abaye (in Kesuvos 30a) who holds that R. Nechunya ben Hakanah exempts from payment Aveiros of Misah bi'Yedei Shamayim, even if he was Shogeg, why is a Zar Chayav to pay for eating Terumah?
Riva citing R"M of Kutzi: Because he exemption does not apply to matters of Kaparah.
