1)

Having taught the Mitzvah of "Lo Sateh" in Devarim 16:19, why does the Torah repeat it here?

1.

Rashi: The Torah in Shoftim referred [even] to tilting the Din of the wealthy, and it repeats it here to add an additional La'av 1 for [tilting the judgment of the poor. 2

2.

Seforno: It is a specific warning to take care that convert and orphan litigants are not struck dumb (and unable to present their case) due to their lowly status.

1

Rashi: Since it is relatively easy to pervert their judgment. Refer to 24:14:4:2**. See also Torah Temimah, note 150.

2

As most converts and orphans are. Targum Yonasan inserts 'Almanah' here, even though the Torah does not - See Na'ar Yonasan.

2)

Why does the Torah omit the prefix 'Vav' in the word "Ger Yasom"?

1.

Ba'al ha'Turim: To teach us the pronciple 'Ger she'Nisgayer, ke'Katan she'Nolad Dami'.

3)

What sort of security is the Torah discussing?

1.

Rashi: It is discussing a security that the creditor takes, not at the time of the loan, but when payment of the loan falls due. 1 Beis-Din claims on behalf of the creditor 2 , and it must be returned each night or each morning. 3

1

See Sifsei Chachamim and refer to 21:13:1.1:1.

2

Refer to 24:10:2:1*.

3

Refer to 24:13:1:1.

4)

Why does the Torah forbid taking the garment of an Almanah as a security?

1.

Targum Yonasan: So that people should not slander the creditor when he goes to the house of the poor Almanah each night or each morning to return it to her. 1

2.

Bava Metzi'a. 155a: To add a second La'av on someone who takes the garments of an Almanah, irrespectiv of whether she is rich or poor. 2

1

This is the opinion of R. Shimon, who Darshens the reasons behind the Mitzvos; but according to the Chachamim, the prohibition applies even to a wealthy Almanah, who does not need the garment. See answer #2, and Torah Temimah, note 151, who elaborates.

2

See Oznayim la'Torah.

5)

Why does the Torah warn three times against afflicting [or tilting judgment against] Geirim (here, in Shemos 22:2, and in Vayikra 19:36)?

1.

Rosh (citing Bava Metzi'a 59b): Because Geirim are prone to return to their evil ways (whcih they will be encouraged to do if they are wronged). 1

1

Rosh (Ibid.): Some say that the Torah warns about this forty-eight times.Yalkut Shimoni (Rus 601). Bava Metzi'a 59b says thirty-six or forty-six times. Ra'avad, in Shitah Mekubetzes (59b) ? this is all the times it mentions Gerim - "ba'Ger u've'Ezrach." The one who says thirty-six excludes where it mentions also Ani, Yasom, and Almanah. Malbim - he excludes where it includes converts with B'nei Yisrael for punishment. (He lists forty-six places.) Daf Al ha'Daf (59b, citing Pardes Yosef ha'Chadash) ? he omitted two; there are forty-eight in all.

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