What is "Ma'on"?
Rashi: It is a city. Radak - it is listed among Yehudah's cities (Yehoshua 15:55). Naval was from Kalev's family, from Yehudah.
What is the meaning of "Ma'asehu"?
Rashi: It is his flocks and property. Radak - it is called also Melachah - "l'Regel ha'Melachah" (Bereishis 33:14).
What is "Karmel"?
Radak #1: It is a place of seeding and trees, like "v'Hayah Midbar la'Karmel" (Yeshayah 32:15).
Radak #2: It is the name of a city near Ma'on - "Ma'on Karmel va'Zif v'Yutah" (Yehoshua 15:55). These places were near Midbar Paran, for David fled to there after swearing to Sha'ul, and heard that Naval was going to shear his flock. Perhaps David went to Midbar Zif, for Zifim informed about him again (26:1).
What is "Gadol"?
Rashi: He was rich.
Why does the Navi elaborate about Naval?
Malbim: It teaches his lowliness. Do not say that he did not know David - he dwelled in Ma'on, where David was (23:24), just his property was in Karmel. He also had the means to help David - he was rich, and made a big feast when he sheared his flock.
Why does it say Tzon and Izim?
Radak: Normally, Tzon includes sheep and goats. Here is different, for it counts the goats separately. Also regarding shearing, it refers only to sheep.
Why does it mention that he sheared his flock?
Rashi: He would make a big feast at the time.
