1)
What are "ha'Itim Asher Avru Alav"?
1.
'Rashi': They are times of affliction, like David said "b'Yadcha Itosai Hatzileni mi'Yad Oyvai ume'Rodefai" (Tehilim 31:16).
2)
What are "ha'Itim Asher Avru... v'Al Yisrael v'Al Kol Mamlechos ha'Aretz"?
1.
'Rashi': They are times [of affliction] that came on Yisrael, and nations that came against Yisrael, e.g. "va'Yar'em Hashem b'Kol Gadol... Al Pelishtim" (Shmuel I, 7:10), "uv'Es Hechelu v'Rinah u'Sehilah Nasan Hashem" (Divrei ha'Yamim II, 20:22) regarding Yehoshafat, and "va'Yashkimu va'Boker v'Hinei Chulam Pegarim Mesim" (Yeshayah 37:36) regarding Chizkiyah.
2.
Malbim: They are the good and bad times for [David,] Yisrael and other kingdoms.
