1)

Is this connected to what came before?

1.

Rashi: Yes. It explains how "women ruled over [My nation]" (12).

2.

Malbim: Yes. Hashem asked, why do you crush Ami? He answers, because their wives squandered awesome amounts on their ornaments (18-23), and pressed their husbands to oppress and steal to supply their desires.

2)

Why does it say "Ki Gavhu Benos Tziyon"?

1.

Shabbos 62b: [Married women] would walk erect.

2.

Radak: They went haughtily, like the verse explains. It specifies Tziyon, for it was the capitol. Also, most of Eretz Yisrael was destroyed in the days of Achaz (but not Yerushalayim), and the women [in it] were haughty about their beauty, and exhibited themselves in markets and streets.

3)

Why does it say "va'Telachnah Netuyos Garon"?

1.

Shabbos 62b: They walked heel to toe (tiny steps, like one who sticks out his neck and faces up and cannot see where he walks. This was to allow men more time to look at them.)

2.

Radak: They stuck out their necks, so adulterers would look at them. 1


1

Radak cites Drashos from Shabbos 62b, but learns them from different words in the verse than the Gemara does. (PF)

4)

What are "Meshakros Einayim"?

1.

Rashi #1: It is an expression of looking. Radak - the Targum of "Shezafatu Ayin" (Iyov 20:9) is Eina d'Shakratei.

2.

Rashi #2 (from Shabbos 62b): They paint their eyes with red dye and mascara 1 .


1

Shabbos 62b: And they wink at men. Radak - they hinted with their eyes that the men should follow them to the house.

5)

What is "Haloch v'Tafof"?

1.

Rashi: (based on Shabbos 62b): This is an expression of something Tzaf (floats) on top of something else. The Targum of "Asher Hetzif" (Devarim 11:4) is d'Atif. A tall woman would walk between short women, to make it look like she floats over her.

2.

Rashi according to Targum Yonasan: They tied wigs of detached hair onto their own braids, so their hair would appear thick and flush.

3.

Bechor Shor (Devarim 6:8): They look around for bachelors. This is like 'Shafil v'Azil Bar Avza v'Inaha Metaifei' (Megilah 14b; a goose goes lowly, and its eyes look up, far ahead).

4.

Malbim: They run like Taf (youngsters).

6)

What is "uv'Ragleihem Te'akasnah"?

1.

Shabbos 62b: They would put fragrances in their shoes, and kick the ground near bachelors, spraying the scent to arouse the men's lust like the venom in Ka'os (an angry snake).

2.

Rashi: When she passes in the market near a bachelor, she steps on his foot to hint to the pleasure of adultery, to make his lust burn like Eches (snake venom).

3.

Radak, Malbim: They hang bells from their feet, and knock them together to chime them.

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