What is the meaning of "Betach Badad"?
Rashi #1 and Seforno: It means that they dwelt alone in safety, 1 ('each person under his vine and each person under his fig-tree'). 2
Rashi #2 (in Tehilim 3:9): Without the need to place soldiers to defend them (against enemies and wild beasts - Rashi in Sanhedrin, 104a).
Targum Yonasan: It means that they will dwell in safety like in times gone by. 3
Da'as Zekenim and Rosh: It means 'They will dwell alone. 4
Oznayim la'Torah: It is only when they are alone - and do not mix with the other nations - that they are truly safe and secure.
Seforno: After having defeated the enemy, as the Navi writes in Yehoshua, 11:23.
Michah, 4:4. Rashi: Spread out - without needing to gather together to protect themselves from the enemy. It is not like the "Badad" that the Navi spoke of in Yirmiyah, 15:17, which means 'lonely' - without friends.
See Na'ar Yonasan who explains that 'like in times gone by' is Targum Yonasan's interpretation of "Badad".
Da'as Zekenim and Rosh: As the Pasuk writes in Mishlei 14:10 "u've'Simchaso Lo Yis'arev Zar".
What are the connotations of "Ein Ya'akov"?
Rashi Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan: It means 'similar to 1 the B'rachah of Ya'akov' 2 (in whose merit they will inherit a land corn and wine - Targum Yonasan).
Hadar Zekenim: It means that [this B'rachah applies to Tzadikim] like Ya'akov, but not to Resha'im or to Nochrim 3 except for righteous Geirim. 4
Seforno: "Ein Ya'akov" is a Tefilah 5 for the coming of Mashi'ach. 6 Yisrael will only dwell in safety if they are on the level of Ya'akov - until Amos came and negated it, when he said "Chadal Na Mi Yakum Ya'akov!"; and the Navi concludes "Nicham Hashem al Zos" to teach us that Hashem accepted Amos' request and relented.
Rashi: like "ke'Ein ha'Bedolach", in Beha'aloscha, Bamidbar, 11:7.
Rashi: In Bereishis 48:21.
" Hadar Zekenim (Ibid.): as the Torah writes in Balak Bamidbar, 23:9 "u'va'Goyim Lo Yischashav".
The Da'as Zekenim and Rosh also appear to explain the Pasuk like this, only some words are missing. (PF)
See Seforno. See also Torah Temimah, note 81.
What is the translation of "Af Shamav Ya'arfu Tal"?
Rashi (Ha'azinu, 32:2) and Targum Yonasan: 'Will drip dew'.
Seforno: Will provide them with dew'.
Targum Onkelos: 'Will serve them dew'.
What are the implications of "Af Shamav Ya'arfu Tal"?
Rashi: It implies that also the B'rachah of Yitzchak will take effect - "Veyiten l'cha Elokim mi'Tal ha'Shamayim... ", 1 in addition to that of Ya'akov.
Seforno: It is a Tefilah that, in the days of Mashi'ach, 2 the heavens will automatically shower dew in abundance on to a land of (that produces by itself) grain and wine. 3
Targum Onkelos: It implies that also the heavens above will serve them by providing them with dew.
Targum Yonasan: 'Also the heavens rained on them dew of blessing and rain of goodwill'.
Seforno: As it did during the six days of the creation - before Adam sinned. See Bereishis, 2:5 & 6.
