1)

What is the meaning of "Hishamer"?

1.

Rashi: Sit in Shalom, like wine on Shemarav (its dregs). Radak - we expound it like this, for only this Hishamer, the accent is on the last syllable.

2.

Radak citing Targum Yonasan and Rav Sadya Gaon: Beware, and do not make war. Be calm and do not fear.

3.

Malbim: Beware, and do not do anything.

2)

What is the meaning of "Hashket"?

1.

Radak #1: Be calm and do not fear. This is Po'el Omed (the action applies only to the subject).

2.

Radak: It is Po'el Yotzei (it acts on others); calm your heart.

3.

Malbim: Your spirit should be serene.

3)

It already said not to fear. What does "u'Levavcha Al Yerach" add?

1.

Malbim: Do not fear the enemy; your heart should not be soft by itself. This often happens to one who suffers many evils.

4)

What are "Zanvus ha'Udim ha'Ashenim"?

1.

Rashi: [They should be in your eyes like] a poker, that their flame extinguished. Radak: This is a stick used to stoke things in a fire. One does not intend for it to burn, but automatically, it burns little by little. When it gets too short to hold it in his hand and stoke, he casts it to the side, and it smokes. Anger is compared to smoke - "Yeshan Af Hashem" (Devarim 29:19). Just like the short poker has no power to ignite things, just it makes smoke and pains the household a little, until it ceases to smoke, so these kings came with their anger, but they have no power to burn and destroy; in a short time, their smoke will extinguish, and they will be finished.

2.

Malbim: They are not a strong stick, rather, a poker that both of its ends were burnt. They are not like the middle of the stick, which is intact. They are not like a burning poker, which can burn what touches it, rather, like an extinguished, smoking poker, which merely pains the eyes.

5)

Why does it say "b'Chari Af Retzin"?

1.

Malbim: The smoke is not due to a fire, i.e. Hashem's anger, like "Ashur Shevet Api" (10:5). It is merely due to human anger, which is like Hevel (folly).

6)

Regarding Retzin, it mentions Aram. Why does it not mention Efrayim with Ben Remalyahu?

1.

Radak: The king was mentioned; his nation is included. The verse relies on the reader to understand.

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