1)

What do we learn from "Shomer Mitzvah Lo Yeda Davar Ra"?

1.

Torah Temimah citing Shabbos 63a: Anyone who does a Mitzvah the way it was commanded will not hear bad tidings. Even if Hashem had made a harsh decree on him, He will tear it up. The previous verse says "ba'Asher Devar Melech Shilton u'Mi Yomar Lo Mah Ta'aseh."

2.

Rashi: If you guard a Mitzvah, you will not know evil, and it will not come upon you. Ibn Ezra #1 - this applies most of the time.

3.

Ibn Ezra #2: One who guards a Mitzvah, he does not want to know a bad matter (sin).

4.

Ri Kara: One who guards the kingdom's laws, they do not find sin in him, and do not punish him.

5.

Ri Kara (6): One who guards Hashem's Mitzvos, they do not make an evil decree on him.

6.

Seforno: One who guards and contemplates Hashem's Mitzvos will not find Ra, i.e. lack of nice purposes.

7.

Metzudas David: If he transgresses the king's word in order to guard a Mitzvah of Hashem, he will not be in danger. Hashem will protect him.

2)

What do we learn from "v"Es Mishpat Yeda Lev Chacham"?

1.

Rav Sadya Gaon: A Chacham knows the time and conduct proper for every matter. Ibn Ezra - this connects to the coming verse.

2.

Rashi: A Chacham knows that there is a fixed time for punishment of Resha'im. There is Mishpat in front of Hashem which will exact payment from the Rasha in the end. Ri Kara (6) - therefore, he refrains from sin.

3.

Ibn Ezra #1: Some say that here, "Es" is like Chachmah 1 , and similarly "La'us Es Ya'uf Davar" (Yeshayah 50:4), "b'Yad Ish Iti" (Vayikra 16:21), "Yode'ei ha'Itim" (Esther 1:13), "Yode'ei Vinah la'Itim" (Divrei ha'Yamim I, 12:33).

4.

Rashbam: A Chacham knows that the time of punishment comes to the world, therefore he guards His Mitzvos.

5.

Ri Kara: A Chacham knows to guard himself at all times, and knows the Mishpat (law) of one who rebels against the kingdom, and is careful not to transgress the kingdom's commands.

6.

Seforno: He knows and understands the time when Mitzvos and Mishpat were given, and the reason why they were given.

7.

Metzudas David: Even though one should not rebel against a Mitzvah of Hashem, not all times are the same. Sometimes the time requires doing so to heed the king, for a fence. Sometimes etiquette of the kingdom enacts a custom 2 on the entire kingdom, and it is proper to heed it, even if it is to transgress a Mitzvah, for Dina d'Malchusa Dina 3 . A Chacham knows when it is proper to do so, and when it is proper to follow etiquette of the kingdom.


1

Ibn Ezra: This is wrong. "La'us" it to make a time, like the verse continues "Ya'ir ba'Boker ba'Boker." "Ish Iti" is designated to go at that time; he will not delay. Or, he normally goes at all times of the year to that Midbar. "Yode'ei Vinah la'Itim" - they likewise to calculate when to make leap years (Bereishis Rabah 72:5). "Yode'ei ha'Itim" are [Chachamim of] the Mazalos.

2

Metzudas Tziyon: Mishpat is custom, like "u'Mishpat ha'Kohanim" (Shmuel I, 2:13. He did not cited "Mishpat ha'Kohanim" (Devarim 18:13) for that is a Chiyuv [to give Matanos from a Chulin animal to a Kohen]. - PF)

3

Shach (CM 73): Even those who say that Dina d'Malchusa applies to matters between people, this is not if it opposes Torah law! Metzudas David requires investigation. (PF)

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