What is the meaning of "Ne'ervah l'Dam"?
Rashi: We will ambush to spill blood (murder).
R. Yonah (11-12): The Parashah proves that this refers to theft. Theft is compared to murder, like Chazal said 'one who steals a Perutah from an Oni, it is as if he kills him' (Bava Kama 119a). This teaches the severity of theft!
Malbim: There are two ways that plunderers ambush. (a) When they fight them mortally, the murderers ambush them based on war strategy, in order to conquer them. Then there is bloodshed - "Ne'ervah l'Dam." Refer to 1:11:3:3.
What is "Nitzpenah"?
Rashi: Is an expression of ambush.
Malbim: They do not come in the way of war ambush. Rather, they hide in order to fall on them when they pass, and plunder them.
Why do they say "Nitzpenah l'Naki Chinam"?
Rashi: The verse says that their hiding [to ambush] the innocent is for no reason.
R. Yonah: This teaches that Resha'im hate the Naki and Tzadik more than [they hate] commoners. Naki is one who is clean from sin 1 - "Yemalet Iy Naki" (Iyov 22:30). This is like the coming verse says "u'Smimim k'Yoredei Vor."
Malbim: Sometimes the plunderers are weak or cowardly, and will not fight them - "Nitzpenah l'Naki Chinam" - they are Naki and not Chayav Misah like murderers. The evil that they do is Chinam, for they have no claim to [justify] harming them.
R. Yonah: You cannot say that Naki is one who did not harm him, for if so, there was no need to write "Chinam"!
