What are "Ta'alumos Chochmah"?
Devar Eliyahu: There are two kinds of hidden Chochmah. Some is hidden from most people, and revealed to one who understands. Some is hidden from everyone. This is why it says Ta'alumos (plural, to teach two). They correspond to "Zach Likchi..." and "u'Var..." (4).
Malbim: We sense only external aspects of things, but not their essence. Things are sensed only in time and place, which are not essential properties of the matters themselves. Ta'alumos ha'Chochmah are known intellectually, not via senses - this understands the matter itself. If Hashem gave this to you, you would realize that you have sin, for which you are punished.
Why does it say "Ki Chiflayim"?
Rashi: You would know that there is twice as much Torah that you did not fulfill.
Ibn Ezra: It is twice what people know.
Malbim: Everything that exists is double - how it is, and how we sense it.
What is the meaning of "Yasheh"?
Rashi: It is being owed, like "Ki Sasheh v'Re'acha." You owe far more to Him for your sins! Sha'arei Teshuvah 4:13 - Hashem punishes like a father punishes his son, with mercy, less than is proper for the sin.
Ibn Ezra: He forgets. Ralbag - He hid from you and made you forget matters in which you sinned.
