1)

What is the meaning of the description, "Pere Adam"?

1.

Rashi: The angel is informing Hagar that Yishmael will love hunting in the desert, as the Pasuk writes later (Bereishis 21:20) "And he dwelt in Midbar Paran 1 ...." According to Rashi's translation of "Pera'im" (Iyov 24:5), 2 it means that he ran wild in the desert to rob and kill innocent wayfarers.

2.

Seforno: A Pere is a wild donkey, and that is what Yishma'el will be from his mother's side; 3 while he will be an Adam (a proper person) from his father's side. 4

3.

Targum Yonasan: He will be like a wild man among people.

4.

Ramban: "Pere" Adam" is like "Ish Pere" - a wild man who is trained to work in the desert - he goes there each morning to attack people, and they attack him.


1

Perhaps "Pere" is a play on the word Paran, the name of Yishma'el's hunting-ground.

2

The Metzudas David translates as "wild donkeys" (see answer 2).

3

Yechezkel 23:20, describing the Egyptians, writes that "their flesh is the flesh of donkeys."

4

Which explains why Yishmael did Teshuvah later in life.

2)

What did the angel mean by, "his hand against everyone and everyone's hand against him"?

1.

Rashi: He meant that Yishmael will be a robber and everyone will hate him for it and fight with him.

2.

Targum Yonasan: His hand will be outstretched to fight his enemies and their hand will be outstretched to fight him.

3.

Ramban #1: It refers to the wars that his children will fight with all the other nations and that the other nations will fight with them.

4.

Ramban #2 (citing Ibn Ezra): Initially, Yishma'el's children will defeat the other nations, but ultimately, the other nations will defeat them.

3)

Why did Hagar need to know tht her son would be a Pere Adam?

1.Oznayim la?Torah: Because, bearing in mind that Avraham was destined to expel him from his house, he was placing the onus of educating him to be an ?Adam? and not a ?Pere?, 1 on her - which she fulfilled, even to the point of finding him a wife from Egypt, 2 but he remained a Pere Adam.

2.

Perhaps the main objective of this information was the end of the Pasuk ? aas if to say ?although he will be a Pere Adam, ?al-P?nei Kol Echav Yishkon?. 3


1

Refer to 16:12:1:4.

2

Perhaps that is one of the reasons that he did Teshuvah later in life.

3

Refer to 16:12:3:1-3.

4)

What does the last phrase in the Pasuk mean, "Al Penei Kol Echav Yishkon"?

1.

Rashi: The children of Yishmael will proliferate.

2.

Ramban: They will exceed their brothers, the sons of Keturah.

3.

Targum Yonasan: They will intermingle with their brothers (or overpower them - See Sefer 'Na'ar Yonasan').

Sefer: Perek: Pasuk:

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