1)

Why does it say "Lefanav Ragzah ha'Aretz"?

1.

Radak: When they came, the land was agitated in front of them. This is a Mashal for the great affliction, and also "Ra'ashu Shamayim" and "Asfu Nagham." Verses speak like this - "Chashach ha'Shemesh b'Tzeiso" (Yeshayah 13:10).

2.

Malbim: Hashem will do this Himself, without the Ma'arachah, therefore the land will be agitated.

2)

Why was Shamayim noisy?

1.

Rashi: Due to the punishment that will come on Yisrael, they are angry and make noise.

2.

Malbim: The order of the Ma'arachah will cease, for it will be Hashgachah from Hashem. In Yeshayah (13:13), it says "Al Ken Shamayim Argiz v'Sir'ash ha'Aretz mi'Mekomah" - Hashem will order the Ma'arachah and change it so that it will destroy Bavel. Here, Hashem will do it without the Ma'arachah.

3)

Why will the sun and moon darken?

1.

Malbim: They will cease to conduct the world.

4)

What is the meaning of "Asfu Nagham"?

1.

Rashi: They gathered their light [Radak - to themselves, so it was not seen. The same applies to "Esof Yadecha" (Shmuel I, 14:19) and "va'Ye'esof Raglav" (Bereishis 49:33).]

2.

Malbim: They will not have any influence [on the world] at all.

Sefer: Perek: Pasuk:

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