Who gave birth to these men?
Malbim: Ma'achah, Kalev's Pilegesh.
Why does it say "Es" only regarding Shva?
Malbim: Es was part of his name - refer to 2:18:2:4.
What do we learn from "Avi Machbenah va'Avi Giv'ah"?
'Rashi': These two cities were of Shva.
What is the significance of "u'Vas Kalev Achsah"?
'Rashi': She is taught before Kalev's sons, for she was Osni'el's wife - "Asher Yakeh Es Kiryas Sefer" [will marry Achsah].
Malbim #1: We find that Kalev ben Yefuneh had a daughter Achsah (R. Yehoshua 15:16). This supports Chazal, that we discuss Kalev ben Yefuneh. He was discussed earlier (18), and against starting from verse 46 1 .
Malbim #2: According to simple meaning, that here discusses Kalev [ben Chetzron] Achi Yerachmi'el, Kalev ben Yefuneh named his daughter like Kalev ben Chetzron's daughter, who was before him.
Malbim explained that verses 42-45 discuss Kalev ben Chetzron and his seed. (PF)
