1)

What will be like sorcery, and to whom?

1.

Rashi: What Nebuchadnetzar did will be like sorcery, to Yisrael.

2)

Why is it like a vain Kesem?

1.

Rashi: They will not believe that he will succeed.

2.

Radak: Yisrael considered it a vain Kesem; they relied on the false Nevi'im, who promised them that the city will not be given to Melech Bavel.

3.

Radak citing his father: The Kasdim thought that the sorcery is false, for they intended [to fight] Bnei Amon, and Hashem drew them to Yerushalayim, for He did not delay [punishing] for Tzidkiyah's Chilul Hashem (he transgressed his Shevu'ah).

4.

Malbim: Anshei Yerushalayim considered it so.

3)

It is written ki'Ksom, and we pronounce it ki'Ksam!

1.

Radak: It is Makor (like an infinitive).

4)

What do we learn from "Shevu'ei Shevu'os"?

1.

Rashi: He divined 49 times 1 , and the outcome was all the same.

2.

Radak: It is as if the Kasdim swore to them many Shevu'os. Shevu'ei is an adjective with the same grammatical form as 'ha'Shechunei ba'Ahalim" (Shoftim 8:11).

3.

Radak citing his father: Refer to 21:28:2:3.

4.

Malbim: Even though the Kesem was about seven matters (refer to 21:27:1:2), and for each he cast it seven times (they were used to doing such things seven times), and all 49 times the result was the same, they considered it vain.


1

Radak: Targum Yonasan explains like "Shiv'ah Shavu'os" (Devarim 16:9).

5)

What is "Mazkir Avon Lehitafes"?

1.

Rashi: When Nebuchadnetzar did his sorcery, he mentioned the sins of Yisrael, so they would be seized in his hand. Yisrael's neighbors Amon and Mo'av told him the sins; they had heard the Nevi'im's rebuke.

2.

Radak: This mentioned their sin, to be seized in it. Their king Chizkiyah did not guard his Shevu'ah to Melech Bavel ? "v'Gam b'Melech Nebuchadnetzar Marad Asher Hishbi'o bEi'lokim" (Divrei ha'Yamim II, 36:13). How do they expect that the Kasdim will guard for them their Shevu'ah, even if they swore to them, for 1 [Yisrael] do not keep their Shevu'os ? "Ki Mipnei Eleh Avlah ha'Aretz", "Ratzo'ach v'Na'of v'Hishava la'Sheker" (Yirmeyah 23:10, 7:9).

3.

Radak citing his father: These are other sins (other than Shevu'as Sheker)

4.

Malbim #1: Doing the Kesem seven times aroused mention of Yisrael's sin of Bitul Shabbos and Shemitah, and profaned the seventh. For this they were obligated Galus 70 years ? "Az Tirtzeh ha'Aretz Es Shabsoseha" (Vayikra 26:34).

5.

Malbim #2: "V'Hinei Hikisi Chapi El Bitz'ech? v'Al Damech" (22:13) ? striking the palm (the final decree) is due to Betza, theft and murder. 'Akeh Chapi El Kapi va'Hanichosi Chamasi" (21:22) ? the decree that the Kesem will fall on Yerushalayim was due to theft and murder. The next Perek lists seven abominations of Yerushalayim connected to theft and murder ? "Lema'an Shefach Dam" (6), Oshek of converts, affliction of orphans and widows (7), Rechilus in order to kill (9), bribery in order to kill, Ribis 2 and Oshek (12). Also the curses in Vayikra are seven for your seven sins, seven times.


1

We fixed the text to say 'Ki' in place of 'Bi' (in My name). (PF)

2

Even though the borrower agreed to pay Ribis, s the Torah commanded to lenient without Ribis, it is considered theft. that

Sefer: Perek: Pasuk:

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