What is the meaning of "Ger ve'Toshav"?
Rashi (citing Targum Onkelos) and Ramban: It means 'a Nochri who sojourns with you'. 1
Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan: It means a Nochri and a Toshav. 2
Sifra: "Ger" refers to a Ger Tzedek, and "Toshav", to a Ger Toshav. 3
R. Bachye (citing the Tanchuma): ? ?ve?Chi Sasig Yad Ger ? ?: ?Ger? refers to Nevuchadnetzar King of Bavel; 4 ?Toshav?, to Malchus Madai; ?Venimkar le?Ger Toshav Imach? refers to Malchus Yavan, and ? le?Eiker Mishachas Ger?, to Malchus Romi?.
Da'as Zekenim: "Ger" refers to [eile under] Malchus Madai; "Toshav", to Malchus Yavan, and "Mishpachas Ger", to Malchus Romi, which will be uprooted.
Rashi's tet in Targum Onkelos reads "Areil Tosav". See answer #2.
Whereas "Ger Toshav" later in the Pasuk they tranlate as 'Ve'yizdaban le'Areil Tosav' (one person). "Ger" cannot refer to a Ger Tzedek, as it did in Pasuk 35 - Refer to 25:35:3:1 - since the Pesukim that follow indicate that the Torah is speaking about a Nochri who worships idols (Nachlas Ya'akov).
See R. Chavel?s footnotes who clarifies in detail, and R. Bachye who eplains that the Torah hint at the four Galuyos here because the Parshah itself hints at the Ge?ulah from the four Malchuyos ? which the Torah refers to as ?Yovel? because it is the time of freedom -and that the Ge?ulah depends on Teshuvah ? as we will eplain.
Why does the Torah insert the words "Yad Ger ve'Toshav Imach" and "u'Mach Achicha Imo"?
Rashi: To teach us that the Nochri became rich because he cleaved to us and our brother became poor because he cleaved to the Nochri and learned from his ways. 1
See also Oznayim la'Torah.
What are the connotations of "O le'Eiker Mishpachas Ger"?
Rashi: "Mishpachas Ger" refers to the Nochri ? the family of the Ger and "Eiker" 1 to the Avodah-Zarah, to which he will ultimately be sold, not to worship it, 2 but to chop wood and draw water in its service.
Ramban (based on Targum Onkelos): Refer to 25:47:1:2*. "Eiker" refers to the Nochri 3 - the family of the Ger Toshav, whose living among us caused our brother to be sold to them.
Rashbam: "Eiker" refers to a Nochri who has moved to a country that is far away from yours. 4
Moshav Zekenim and Ba'al ha'Turim ha'Aruch (based on Targum Onkelos): The Ger Toshav who became rooted among Yisrael caused your brother to be sold to his family.
Ramban and Moshav Zekenim: So-called because one must root it out ('La'akor Acharehah').
Since that lies within his Bechirah ? to worship it or not.
Ramban: So-called because he is from the same root as the Ger Toshav - as in Daniel, 4:12.
And "Eiker" is from the word 'Ne'ekar' (op-rooted).
Why does the Torah permit a Yisrael to sell himself to a Nochri?
Refer to 25:39:2.1:1.
